The cellulose acetate (CA)/poly (ε-caprolactone diol)/poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol-polyurethane (PCL-Diol/PTMG-PU)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite nanofibers were prepared via two-nozzle electrospinning on both counter sides of the collector. The performance of synthesized composite nanofibers was investigated as an environmental application and anticancer delivery system for the adsorption/release of doxorubicin (DOX). The synergic effect of MWCNTs and DOX incorporated into the nanofibers was investigated against LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The status of MWCNTs and DOX in composite nanofibers was demonstrated by SEM, FTIR and UV-Vis determinations. The adsorption tests using nanofibrous adsorbent toward DOX sorption was evaluated under various DOX initial concentrations (100-2000 mgL-1 ), adsorption times (5-120 minutes), and pH values (pH:2-9). Due to the fitting of isotherm and kinetic data with Redlich-Peterson and pseudo-second order models, both chemisorption and surface adsorption of DOX molecules mechanisms have been predicted. The drug release from both nanofibers and MWCNTs-loaded nanofibers was compared. The better drug sustained release profiles verified in the presence of composite nanofibers. LNCaP prostate cancer and L929 normal cells were treated to investigate the cytotoxicity and compatibility of synthesized composite nanofibers. The apoptosis/necrosis of hybrid nanofibers and MWCNTs loaded-nanofibers was investigated. The obtained results demonstrated the synergic effects of MWCNTs and DOX loaded-nanofibers on the LNCaP prostate cancer cells death.
The use of nano metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) has been developed for drug delivery systems due to their high porosity and large specific surface area. In this work, UiO-66-NH2 NMOFs were synthesized via the microwave heating method and doxorubicin (DOX) molecules were incorporated into the UiO-66-NH2 NMOFs. Then, poly(N-Vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) synthesized by the free radical polymerization was coated on the NMOFs surface to fabricate the pH/temperature-sensitive carrier against A549 lung cancer cells death in vitro. The synthesized nanocarriers were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, FESEM, TGA, and BET analysis. The average particle sizes of UiO-66-NH2 MOF and PNVCL coated-UiO-66-NH2 /DOX MOF nanoparticles were found to be 175 nm and 235 nm, respectively. TGA analysis showed that the PNVCL percentage coated on the UiO-66-NH2 NMOFs surface was about 17.5 %, and 27.3% for NMOFs incubated in 1% and 2% PNVCL solutions, respectively. The BET surface area of UiO-66-NH2 NMOFs, UiO-66-NH2 NMOFs/DOX 100 μg mL-1, and PNVCL 1% coated-NMOFs/DOX was found to be 1052, 121, and 87 m2g-1, respectively. The DOX release data of UiO-66-NH2 and PNVCL coated- UiO-66-NH2/DOX were evaluated under pH values of 5.5, 7.4, and temperatures of 25 °C, 37°C. The anticancer activity of synthesized NMOFs was investigated against lung cancer cells (A549) in vitro. The maximum cytotoxicity of A549 cancer cells was found to be 76% using PNVCL 1% coated-UiO-66-NH2/DOX 100 μg mL-1 NMOFs.
The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their large specific surface area and high biocompatibility are suitable as carriers for drug delivery systems (DDSs). In the present study, doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug was loaded into UiO-66-NH2 MOFs to decrease the adverse side effects of pristine DOX use and to increase its efficiency through the controlled release of DOX from MOFs. The MOFs were synthesized via microwave heating method and characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The drug loading efficiency, drug release profiles from synthesized MOFs and pharmacokinetic studies were investigated. The biocompatibility of drug-loaded-UiO-66-NH2 MOFs was also evaluated by their incubation in L929 normal fibroblast cells. The average particle sizes of UiO-66-NH2 MOFs and DOX loaded-MOFs were found to be 175 nm, and 200 nm respectively. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of UiO-66-NH2 MOFs and DOX (100 μg mL -1 ) loaded-UiO-66-NH2 MOFs were estimated to be 1052 m 2 g -1 , and 121 m 2 g -1 , respectively. The synthesized MOFs exhibited high capability for the controlled release of DOX from MOFs as a pH sensitive carrier. The DOX release data were best described using Korsmeyer-Peppas pharmacokinetic model (R2≥0.985). The cell viability of synthesized MOFs against fibroblast normal cells was found to be higher than 90%. It could be concluded that the UiO-66-NH2 MOFs could be used as an effective pH sensitive carrier for loading anticancer drugs.
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