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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a form of wireless networks which do not require a base station for providing network connectivity. Mobile ad-hoc networks have many characteristics which distinguish them from other wireless networks which make routing in such networks a challenging task. Cluster based routing is one of the routing schemes for MANETs in which various clusters of mobile nodes are formed with each cluster having its own clusterhead which is responsible for routing among clusters. In this paper we have proposed and implemented a distributed weighted clustering algorithm for MANETs. This approach is based on combined weight metric that takes into account several system parameters like the node degree, transmission range, energy and mobility of the nodes. We have evaluated the performance of proposed scheme through simulation in various network situations. Simulation results show that proposed scheme outperforms the original distributed weighted clustering algorithm (DWCA).

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Natural disaster stricken many areas of world every year, efficiency of rescue operation is very critical to life saving of trapped victims. However, cellular communication system is usually crashed when disaster hits an area which makes coordination very difficult among rescue volunteer teams. Unfortunately many of existing emergency communication system may not be feasible. In this paper, we proposed concept of hybrid cellular-MANET architecture which use working cellular base station if they are not crashed. We also give a routing scheme for this emergency scenario which efficiently utilize available communication and energy resources of devices. The proposed emergency communication architecture is aware of mobility of devices and also support self organizing feature of MANET. This communication model can be setup in disaster hit area within few hours.

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The sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network are battery powered devices which consumes energy during data transmission, processing, etc. The critical task in WSN is to deal with optimizing power consumption. One possible way to minimize power consumption is by the use of caching the data. Generally data transmission in WSN consumes more energy than processing, so it is good to utilize the benefits of caching so that data access can be made faster. Caching, if used efficiently, could reduce overall network traffic and hence bandwidth can be optimally utilized. In this paper we are reviewing the various data caching techniques in WSNs. This paper aims at future research work and provide researcher with helpful guidelines.