Objectives: Dental implants are a known treatment today. It is necessary to have at least 2 mm of bone around the implant, especially in the buccal aspect of the anterior maxilla (esthetic zone). Some systemic conditions, such as menopause, can affect the body's bone mass as well as the alveolar bone. Considering that few studies have been carried out on the effect of menopause on the thickness and topography of alveolar bone, we decided to investigate the effect of menopause on buccal alveolar bone thickness in the anterior maxillary teeth in menopausal women.Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, two subgroups of menopausal women and nonmenopausal women were considered. Data were extracted from 30 patients referred to a private radiology center in Mashhad for CBCT imaging. In addition, the buccal bone thickness in the crest and middle areas of the anterior maxillary teeth was measured and the difference between the two groups was investigated. The buccal bone thickness of the aesthetic area was evaluated with CBCT Planmeca ProMax 3D Max (Planmeca) by Planmeca Romexis 5.3.4 software, with 200 μm Voxel size and Fov 90 × 60 mm.Results: In this study, 30 women with a mean age of 49.75 ± 3.65 years in the nonmenopausal and menopausal groups were examined. It was found that the mean buccal bone thickness of the anterior maxilla in the nonmenopausal group (0.65 ± 0.25 mm) was higher than in the menopausal group (0.56 ± 0.20 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .2999). Only in the crestal bone of the right canine, the average bone thickness in nonmenopausal group (0.77 ± 0.33 mm) was significantly higher than the menopausal group (0.49 ± 0.22 mm) (p = .011).
Objective: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is considered as a prerequisite in some cases of implant dentistry. For this purpose, bone materials are commonly used. Calcium compounds and Ca-P based materials like hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 ), due to their similarity with the human bone, can be used as graft materials for bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate biocompatibility of antler xenograft and compare the osteoconduction effects of antler xenograft with Cerabone in regeneration of calvarium bony defects of rabbits. Methods and Materials:Five defects with a diameter of 6 mm and a depth of 3 mm were prepared in the calvarium of four rabbits. Thereafter, two defects were randomly grafted with antler xenograft, two defects were filled with Cerabone, and one defect remained as the untreated group. Histological evaluations, including measuring percentage of new regenerated bone and the amounts of osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte cells, were also performed. To do statistical analyses, paired t-test, chi-square, and Fisher tests were applied. Results:The percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher in antler xenograft (73.33%) and in Cerabone (48.91 %) compared to the untreated group (18.91%). The amounts of osteocytes and osteoblasts were obtained as 3.52 ± 0.17 and 2.41 ± 0.24 in the Antler xenograft and as 2.57 ± 0.29 and 2.31 ± 0.32 in the Cerabone group, respectively. Bone marrow formation were significantly higher in antler xenograft (6.66 ± 5.34) and Cerabone (1.99 ± 3.17) compared to the untreated group. Conclusion:According to this pilot study, results of using antler xenograft as an osteoconductive materials in regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects are comparable with Cerabone. Although more clinical studies are needed.
Objectives: Epidemiologic studies have suggested periodontitis as a risk factor for Coronary Artery Diseas (CAD). Detection of periopathogens in atheromatous plaque provides some evidence for the causal relationship between these two conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and quantity of periopathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: 20 patients who were candidates for endarterectomy were enrolled in this study for the periodontal examination. Subgingival and coronary atherosclerotic plaque samples were then collected. Thereafter, quantitative detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivali (P.g), and all bacteria detected by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) were measured. The correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the relationship between quantities of periopathogens in atherosclerotic and subgingival plaque samples. Results: A.a was detected in 13 patients (65%) with subgingival plaques and 4 patients (20%) with atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, P.g was found in 15 patients (75%) with subgingival and 10 patients (50%) with atherosclerotic plaques. A.a represented means of 2.7% and 10.04% of detected bacteria in both atherosclerotic and subgingival plaque samples, respectively. The mean of quantity of P.g was 10.85% and 12.87% of the detected bacteria obtained from atherosclerotic and subginigival samples, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the quantities of A.a in the atherosclerotic and subgingival plaques, but such a significant relationship was not found for P.g. Conclusion: This study confirmed the detection of A.a and P.g in atheromatous plaque. The quantitative data suggested that periopathogens comprise a significant proportion of atherosclerotic plaque microbiome, which may consequently contribute to the development of CAD.
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