Effectance motivation-an urge for certainty and a feeling of being able to know, predict, and control one's environment-was initially proposed as the mechanism underlying attitude similarity effects on attraction. However, this motivation was discarded as an explanation when positive affect was identified. The presence of alternative mechanisms did not deny a role for the validation of attitudes in attraction. Therefore, we investigated the validation of one's views by those of peers as an additional mediator and its relation with two previously known mediators of positive affect and trust. As hypothesized, validation mediated attitude similarity effects when measured alone (Experiment 1) and within sequential mediation patterns involving positive affect (Experiment 2A) and trust (Experiments 2B and 2C).

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This study explains how generations X, Y and Z share similarities and differences in work values and career preferences. The authors attempt to understand the work values and career preferences of Gen Z with a focus on India as the cultural context crucially contributes to generational differences ( Erickson, 2009 , Generational Differences Between India and the US, Harvard Business Review). While researchers portray that the generational values often develop in the formative years ( Strauss & Howe, 1992 ), this article attempts to understand the evolution of Gen Z in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and how it aligns with or urges change in prominent developmental theories. These findings can form a base for future research and potentially draw implications for organisations, managers, communities and individuals.

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A survey was used with 293 male and female college students to examine problem gambling and binge drinking. The results indicate that males are more likely to engage in gambling activities, experience more consequences from gambling, and meet the criteria for problem gambling compared with females. The results further indicate that white male athletes are more likely to engage in binge drinking compared with their female counterparts. We detected both similarities and differences in correlates for gambling and drinking and found a consistent theme of gender differences for alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and gambling behavior. Implications for gender-specific prevention are discussed.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare experiences of two parents of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) differing in gender, including their daily routines at school and at home, challenging behaviour, social support and future plans for their children. Design/methodology/approach The parents of the two adolescents with ASD were interviewed with open-ended questions related to their children as well as their personal experiences, along with getting their individual responses for the established Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Findings There were similarities and differences in the parents’ experiences with their adolescent children with ASD. Similarities included a limited social support outside their families, hopes for the future of their children, where in they emphasised the need for some “normality” for their child, and a lack of plan in terms of legal guardianship and written wills after their own time. Some of the differences were also noted in the parents’ description of symptoms of their children, with the father of the female adolescent reporting more negative experiences both with his child, as well as with his spouse, a lack of social support and, subsequently, more “dissatisfaction” on the SWLS than the mother of the male adolescent. Research limitations/implications One of the major limitations of this study is the absence of feedback from the other parent besides the one being interviewed, due to which only one parental perspective was provided here. Social implications There are vital social implications of this study. Both parents reported a limited social support due to which they expressed the need for increasing awareness for ASD in the general society. These findings illustrate the need for a focus on designing interventions for improving outcomes for both parent and child in similar situations. Originality/value This study compared the experiences of two parents of adolescents with ASD, differing in gender and symptomology, but similar in other respects, including the family demographic characteristics and cultural context.