Anticipation and execution of a simple reading task enhance corticospinal excitability

Seyal, Masud; Mull, Brendan; Bhullar, Naureen; Ahmad, T.; Gage, B.

doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(98)00019-4

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Motor cortex excitability is influenced by several factors that may vary depending on processing involved in performance of the task [2,27], preparations for the voluntary movement [13] and the presence of sensory input [9,32]. For instance, self-paced movements limit experimental control and manipulation of task-related factors since the subject prepares, plans, and decides when the movement is made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of motor excitability before and after a task-related movement

Zaaroor

Pratt

Starr

2003

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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Aims of the study. -The time course of motor excitability during a task-related unilateral right thumb movement was studied using sub-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the contralateral left motor cortex. The level of stimulation evoked a motor evoked potential (MEP) in the thumb when the subject was at rest in approximately 10% of the trials.Methods. -Subjects made a brief right thumb movement to the predictable omission of regularly presented tone bursts allowing experimental definition of TMS relative to the cue to move. Motor cortical excitability was characterized by amplitude and/or probability of eliciting MEPs.Results. -There were four periods of altered motor excitability during task performance compared to a control resting state: a first period of weak facilitation before movement between -500 to -200 ms, a second period without increased excitability approximately 150 ms before movement onset when MEPs amplitude was below that seen in rest, a third period of strong facilitation between -100 ms before movement and +200 ms after facilitation and a fourth period of weak facilitation between +200 to +500 ms.Conclusion. -These results show that during performance of a task requiring a motor response, motor cortical excitability is increased above resting for hundreds of millisecond before and after the response, except for a transient period between 75 and 150 ms prior to movement onset. The temporal pattern of these excitability changes is compatible with multiple excitatory and inhibitory inputs interacting on motor cortex.© 2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. RésuméObjectif de l'étude. -Étudier le décours temporel de l'excitabilité motrice pendant une tâche de mouvement du pouce droit, en délivrant une stimulation magnétique transcranienne (TMS) à un niveau infra-liminaire sur le cortex moteur contralatéral. À ce niveau de stimulation, nous avons obtenu l'apparition d'un potentiel évoqué moteur (PEM) dans le pouce, avec les sujets au repos, dans 10 % des essais.Méthodes. -Les sujets faisaient un bref mouvement du pouce droit en réponse à l'omission (prédictible) de bruits blancs présentés régulièrement. Ceci nous a permis de définir différentes fenêtres d'application de la TMS, avant ou après le mouvement du doigt. L'excitabilité motrice corticale était alors définie par l'amplitude et/ou la probabilité de produire un PEM.Résultats. -Il est apparu 4 périodes au cours desquelles l'excitabilité motrice était altérée en comparaison à un niveau de repos : une première période de faible facilitation avant le mouvement, entre -500 et -200 ms, une seconde période sans augmentation de l'excitabilité, environ 150 ms avant le début du mouvement (l'amplitude des PEM étant inférieure à celle pendant les périodes de repos), une troisième période de forte facilitation entre -100 ms avant le mouvement et +200 ms après la facilitation, enfin une quatrième période de faible facilitation entre +200 et +500 ms.Conclusion. -Ces résultats montrent que, pend...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of motor excitability before and after a task-related movement

Zaaroor

Pratt

Starr

2003

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…A few previous studies with TMS have shown increased activation in motor cortical areas not directly engaged in speech production in tasks that involved reading aloud (Meister et al, 2003;Seyal et al, 1999;Tokimura, Oliviero, Asakura, & Rothwell, 1996). This finding has been interpreted in various ways; for example, Tokimura et al (1996) conjectured that it was the result of a nonspecific spreading of cortical activation from areas involved in language production to motor areas controlling peripheral muscles, whereas Meister et al (2003) argued for a specific functional connection between language areas and the hand area of the motor cortex.…”

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confidence: 98%

All Talk and No Action: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study of Motor Cortex Activation during Action Word Production

Oliveri

Finocchiaro

Shapiro

et al. 2004

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

133

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Abstract& A number of researchers have proposed that the premotor and motor areas are critical for the representation of words that refer to actions, but not objects. Recent evidence against this hypothesis indicates that the left premotor cortex is more sensitive to grammatical differences than to conceptual differences between words. However, it may still be the case that other anterior motor regions are engaged in processing a word's sensorimotor features. In the present study, we used single-and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to test the hypothesis that left primary motor cortex is activated during the retrieval of words (nouns and verbs) associated with specific actions. We found that activation in the motor cortex increased for action words compared with non-action words, but was not sensitive to the grammatical category of the word being produced. These results complement previous findings and support the notion that producing a word activates some brain regions relevant to the sensorimotor properties associated with that word regardless of its grammatical category. &

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“…6) Lateralized speech effects on the excitability of the cortical hand motor area were first demonstrated in 1996, 28) and has been replicated and confirmed in several studies. 15,16,25) The effect is restricted to the hand area because MEPs from the leg area are unchanged by the task. 16) This method is considered to be a useful, noninvasive adjunct to other tests of cerebral dominance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Excitability Changes in the Hand Motor Cortex During Speech in Left-Handed Subjects?

Tokimura

Arita

2012

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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Hemispheric dominance was investigated in left-handed subjects using single transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the possible effect of forced change in the dominant hand. Single transcranial magnetic stimuli were delivered randomly over the hand area of the left or right motor cortex of 8 Japanese self-declared left-handed adult volunteers. Electromyographic responses were recorded in the relaxed first dorsal interosseous muscle while the subjects read aloud. Laterality quotient calculated by the Edinburgh Inventory ranged from -100 to -5.26 and laterality index calculated from motor evoked potentials ranged from -86.2 to 38.8. There was no significant correlation between laterality quotient and laterality index. Mean data values across all 8 subjects indicated significant increases only in the left hand. Our ratio analysis of facilitation of the hand motor potentials showed that 2 each of the 8 selfdeclared left-handers were right-and left-hand dominant and the other 4 were bilateral-hand dominant. Speech dominancy was localized primarily in the right cerebral hemisphere in left-handed subjects, but some individuals exhibited bilateral or left dominance, possibly attributable to the forced change of hand preference for writing in childhood. Our findings suggest changes in the connections between the speech and hand motor areas.

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Anticipation and execution of a simple reading task enhance corticospinal excitability

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

Time course of motor excitability before and after a task-related movement

Time course of motor excitability before and after a task-related movement

All Talk and No Action: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study of Motor Cortex Activation during Action Word Production

Are There Excitability Changes in the Hand Motor Cortex During Speech in Left-Handed Subjects?

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