The BiFe1−xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple solution method. Their nanostructures were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and gas absorption techniques. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were studied by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The increasing of Ni content with decreasing of crystallize size can improve magnetization. Moreover, the samples were fabricated as electrodes to study the electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The high specific capacitances of the electrodes are in the range of 193–514 F g−1. Although the increasing of the Ni content leads to decreasing of the specific capacitances, the 5% Ni-doped BiFeO3 can improve the capacity retention (82%) after 500 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 is one of the most promising thermoelectric oxide materials at high temperature. Its structure consists of two misfit layers: the CaO-CoO-CaO rocksalt-type (RS) layer and the CdI 2type CoO 2 layer. In this paper, we reported the synthesis of single phase Ca 3 Co 4Àx M x O 9 (where M ¼ Fe, Cr, and Ga). Thermoelectric measurements showed the variation of thermoelectric properties depending on the charge state of the substitutional elements. We showed the direct evidence for the location of the substitutional elements in the system using an X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra were fitted with the models. Also, the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra were compared with the simulated spectra from the first principle calculation. The data analysis show that for Fe and Cr substitution, the Fe and Cr atoms are more likely to be located in the RS layer rather than in the CoO 2 as presumed previously. For the Ga case, Ga atoms accommodate both sites; still the majority stays in the RS layer. This is supported by the calculation of the total energy of the system, which showed that the total energy is lower when the substituted elements were located in the RS layer.
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