Definida pelo acúmulo de tecido adiposo em quantidade que pode representar danos à saúde, a obesidade apresenta taxas de crescimento alarmantes ao redor do mundo, contribuindo com o desenvolvimento de inúmeras importantes comorbidades como cardiopatias, diabetes, hipertensão entre outras. Por outro lado, a COVID-19, desencadeada pela infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, considerada uma pandemia, tem infectado milhões de indivíduos ao redor do mundo resultando em um número crescente de mortes. Considerando que ambas as doenças apresentam risco para o desenvolvimento de alterações sistêmicas, esse artigo busca abordar e discutir os mecanismos fisiopatológicos inerentes aos principais fatores de risco que levam ao pior prognóstico observado em pacientes obesos com COVID-19. Para isso foi realizada uma busca na literatura empregando as palavras chaves "Obesidade", "COVID-19", "Fatores de Risco" em português, e seus equivalentes em inglês "Obesity", "COVID-19", "Risk Factors". Para dados estatísticos foram consultados conceituados sites institucionais nacionais e internacionais. Sumarizando, confirmou-se que a obesidade e suas comorbidades estão relacionadas aos principais fatores de risco para a COVID-19. A inflamação sistêmica característica de ambas as doenças, assim como a disfunção tecidual advinda da invasão celular pelo SARS-CoV-2 propiciada pelo seu receptor na membrana celular, são críticos para o pior prognóstico da COVID-19 em pacientes obesos.
To identify possible risks factors of exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP)/outdoor air pollution (OAP) and their relationship with noncommunicable diseases in men and women treated by primary care physicians. Method: In total, 551 patients (382 women) attended three basic health units in Uruguaiana, Brazil, for various complaints, and completed a questionnaire about risk factors for exposure to IAP/OAP. Results: Women were significantly more exposed to wood-burning pollutants (79.6% vs. 52.7%, p < 0.0001) for having more housework-related activities; men had more outdoor activities and spent extended periods in traffic (47.3% vs. 18.8%, p < 0.0001). Arterial hypertension (AH)/ chronic respiratory disease (CRD) were more frequent among women. Patients with AH/CRD were more exposed to OAP because of their work (18.1% vs. 11%, p = 0.02) or for living near a source of air pollution (45.6% vs. 29.6%, p = 0.0002) or on a street with heavy traffic (41.7% vs. 33%, p = 0.04). Passive smoking, active smoking, using wood, charcoal, or firewood for cooking, heating, or drying, or burning charcoal indoors were not associated with a higher prevalence of AH/CRD. Conclusion: Exposure to OAP was associated with AH/CRD. Women were more exposed to IAP from burning firewood, and men were more exposed to fossil fuel burning. Knowledge of these behaviors should be directed to primary care physicians and all health professionals so that preventive and educational measures can be implemented.
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