Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls with loss of gas exchange surface and consequent progressive dyspnea. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of cell therapy with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) in an animal model of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema. Emphysema was induced in C57Bl/J6 female mice by intranasal instillation of elastase. After 21 days, the mice received bone marrow mononuclear cells from EGFP male mice with C57Bl/J6 background. The groups were assessed by comparison and statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the groups treated with BMMC and evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days. Analysis of the mean linear intercept (Lm) values for the different groups allowed to observe that the group treated with BMMC and evaluated after 21 days showed the most significant result. The group that received no treatment showed a statistically significant difference when compared to other groups, except the group treated and evaluated after 21 days, evidencing the efficacy of cell therapy with BMMC in pulmonary emphysema.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a limitation of gas exchange, associated with an enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases. The pulmonary emphysema, within the spectrum of COPD, is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls with consequent progressive dyspnea. To the present day, there is no effective clinical treatment for COPD, and the available therapeutic approaches are only palliative. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of cell therapy with a pool of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSC) in an experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. To induce pulmonary emphysema, female mice (n=60) of the strain C57BL/6 (treated animals) were exposed to cigarette smoke, 3 times a day for 90 consecutive and uninterrupted days. Another group of animals (control, n=15) was exposed only to ambient air. Treated and control animals were comparatively evaluated regarding the therapeutic transplantation effects of the pool of BMMC or BMMSC from male C57BL/6-EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) donors. The results showed that cell therapy with either BMMC or BMMSC determined morphological recovery of the pulmonary parenchyma and the reduction of inflammation. No improvement in functional parameters was observed. In conclusion, cell therapy with a pool of BMMC or BMMSC promotes the morphological recovery of the lung parenchyma and reduces inflammation in the lungs of smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice.
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