Introduction The risk factors and agents present in the work environment may represent a risk to the health of pregnant women, the developing infants, and breast-feeding mothers; however, tools to assess occupational exposure of these workers are not available. Objective To develop an instrument for the qualitative assessment of occupational exposure of pregnant workers based on their perceptions. Method We conducted a data survey from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Brazilian Regulatory Standard 15. Next, a comparative analysis was performed, according to the scientific literature available, followed by a preliminary version of the instrument, a pilot test with 15 pregnant women, and preparation of the final version. Results A tool was developed consisting of 28 questions, divided into 7 categories: 1) pregnant or lactating woman; 2) habits and behaviors; 3) information about work; 4) risk factors identified by the worker in the work environment divided into chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, and accidents; 5) difficulties faced at work; 6) need for antenatal leave; and 7) open question so that the worker can inform something she considers necessary. Conclusions The study of work-related risk factors and/or agents relevant to the health of pregnant women and/or the fetus is essential to conduct adequate prenatal care and to protect the health of these workers. The use of this tool can be of great value for health professionals, especially for physicians. The practical application can bring possible improvements that were not identified by the authors during the study.
Objetivo: Analisar a curvatura lombar durante a execução de exercícios resistidos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisadas 81 pessoas, durante a execução de cinco aparelhos diferentes de exercício resistido. Fez-se um registro fotográfico da coluna lombar durante os exercícios, seguido da análise de quatro variáveis: manutenção da lordose fisiológica, hiperlordose, retificação da curvatura e inversão da curvatura. Resultados: Em todos os aparelhos houve a modificação do comportamento da lordose lombar durante a execução dos exercícios. A manutenção da lordose fisiológica, correspondendo a uma posição não errônea ou aceitável, não foi significativa. No aparelho Cadeira Extensora, a manutenção correta da curvatura lombar durante o exercício resistido esteve presente em apenas 35,8%, sendo o aparelho em que menos se manteve a curvatura fisiológica e em que houve a inversão da curva como a modificação mais presente. O Aparelho Voador foi o que mais demonstrou a preservação da postura com uma porcentagem pequena de alteração (76,5%), seguido pelo aparelho Leg Press (preservação de 65,4%) e pelo Pulley Alto (64,2%). No aparelho Cadeira Flexora, pode-se observar um menor número de variedade dos tipos de curvaturas, estando presente apenas a hiperlordose e a lordose fisiológica, com predomínio de 61,7%, estando ausentes a retificação da curva e a inversão da curva. Conclusão: A prática do exercício resistido sem a manutenção da lordose lombar, seja ela por má orientação ou por carga excessiva, está presente na prática regular dos alunos submetidos a análise do presente estudo.Palavras-chave: Curvaturas da Coluna Vertebral, Dor Lombar, Postura, Exercício, Esforço Físico, Levantamento de PesoABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the lumbar curvature while executing resisted exercises. Material and Methods: A total of 81 subjects were analyzed during execution of five different resistance exercise devices. A photographic register of the lumbar spine during the exercise was performed, followed by data analysis of four variables: maintenance of physiological lordosis, hyperlordosis, rectified curvature and reversal of curvature. Results: It was found modification in lumbar lordosis behavior during the execution of all exercises. The maintenance of the physiological lordosis, which would be a not erroneous and acceptable position, was not significant. On the “Stretcher Chair” device, the correct maintenance of the lumbar curvature during resisted exercise was present in only 35.8%. It was the apparatus in which few remained physiological curvature and the most inversion of the curve was present. The “Flying” machine showed the most preservation of posture with a small percentage of change (76.5%), and was followed by the “Leg” unit (65.4%) and “High Pulley” set (64.2%). The “Flexor Chair” device showed the fewer variety in types of curvatures, the hyperlordosis and physiologic lordosis, with a prevalence of 61.7%. Rectification and reversal of the curvature was not observed in this device. Conclusion: The practice of resisted exercise without the maintenance of lumbar lordosis, whether by misdirection or stress, is the regular practice of students subjected to analysis of this study.Keywords: Spinal Curvatures, Low Back Pain, Posture, Exercise, Physical Exertion, Weight Lifting
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