Critically ill trauma patients have an early activation of the PC pathway, associated with a rapid decrease in the plasma levels of this protein and increase in EPCR. Plasma levels of PC return to normal levels within 24 hours in most patients. However, patients who go on to acquire VAP have persistently low plasma levels of PC in the immediate period after trauma. Whether PC could play a mechanistic role in the host response against nosocomial lung infection warrants further study.
Female animals tolerate trauma and hemorrhage better than male animals AND Estrogen has rapid nongenomic effects that protect organs from damage and attenuate insult-induced inflammation MOREOVER The survival deficit from trauma and hemorrhage produced in ovariectomized female animals is repaired with administration of exogenous estrogen AND Women survive injury, sepsis, and trauma-hemorrhage-induced hypoxemia/reperfusion better than men THEREFORE Women rule ... in survival after trauma, thus, men would benefit from being more like women.
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