Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are the most frequently occurring illness of childhood. The common types of upper respiratory tract infections are common cold, rhinitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, otitis media and sinusitis. Common misuse of antimicrobial agents is seen in infections caused by viruses, which are self-limited and they do not respond to the currently available anti-infective agents. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at pediatric out-patient department of Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chitradurga for a period of six months. The data was collected from outpatient record in a suitably designed individual case record form of the patients diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection. Results: A total of 120 patients aged less than 13 years were collected from the paediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The most common diagnosis was nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections (49.1%). Only 10 drugs were prescribed from the essential drug list. Amongst all drug class, respiratory drugs were prescribed in more (29%), antihistamines (24.6%), antimicrobials (24.3%), Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (18%) and nasal drops (4.1%). In antimicrobials, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (45.8%) was the highly prescribed combination. The main drug interactions were between chlorpheneramine and terbutaline. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate in acute self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection. Antibiotics are over prescribed for paediatric upper respiratory tract infections. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid combination were preferentially prescribed. Doctors should be educated on more appropriate and cost effective prescribing.
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the prescribing pattern in geriatric patients. Methods: A prospective study was carried out for a period of 4 years with one of the objectives to study the prescribing pattern in geriatric patients (≥65 years). The information was collected, from patients admitted to various departments of tertiary care hospital and old-age home at Chitradurga. Sociodemographic, economic, and clinical diagnosis and medication details were collected from medical records in a pre-structured case record form. The medications were classified based on Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system. Results: A total number of 526 geriatric patients were enrolled during the study period. Young older patients (75.29%) and male subjects (55.89%) were predominant. Multiple morbidity conditions were more in the present study. Among the diseases diagnosed, circulatory system (I00-I99) affecting was more 41.83%. Prescriptions found with a sum total of 3228 formulations with 357 active drugs. About 56.27% of patients received ≥6 medications (polymedication) and an average of 6.14 drugs per prescription. Usage of parenterals (53.06%) was more among dosage forms. Prescriptions with alimentary tract, metabolism (A) (26.96%), and general anti-infective (J) (19.08%) class of drugs were common. Among individual drugs, pantoprazole (A02BC02), paracetamol (N02BE01), and ceftriaxone (J01DD04) were found more frequent in prescriptions. Conclusion: The study concludes the need of intellect prescribing practice, to install more rational therapy among geriatric patients.
Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among adults has been increased considerably across the globe, and has contributed a substantial proportion in annual mortality rate. Diabetes and psychiatric disorders are having such an interface that they both influence each other in several ways. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence, determinant factors, prescription pattern, efficacy and adverse reactions in diabetic patients associated with psychiatric illness in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of ten months in General Medicine and Psychiatric Department, Basaveswara Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Chitradurga. Results: In this study, a total of 101 diabetic patients with or without co-morbidities were enrolled in the study. Among them, 27 in-patients were associated with psychiatric illness which was considered as co-morbid condition. The prevalence of psychiatric illness with diabetes mellitus was found to be 26.7% which is highly significant with the p-value (0.00). A higher prevalence was noticed with age group 41-50 years and with male gender. The common determinant factors of psychiatric illness in diabetic patients were being women, having no income, being at the age of menopause, having no physical activity, being illiterate and being single or widowed. Among the anti-diabetic drug prescriptions, there was a higher percentage of use of insulin and the most commonly prescribed drug was combination of Glimepride + Metformin (sulfonylurea and biguanide). The most commonly prescribed anti-psychotic drugs were chlordiazepoxide and alprazolam. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of psychiatric illness in diabetic patients with determinant factors of psychiatric illness in diabetic patients were being women, having no income, being at the age of menopause, having no physical activity, being illiterate and being single or widowed. Key Words: Prevalence; Determinant factors; Diabetes mellitus; Psychiatric illness
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used worldwide to treat pain and inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a broad class of agents with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit the two recognized iso enzymes of prostaglandin G/H synthase (also known as cyclo -oxygenase (COX))—namely, COX 1 and COX 2. It is generally accepted that oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Randomized controlled trials of NSAIDs have been of limited use for assessing this rare adverse event, as they had small cohorts and poor generalizability. The trials excluded those at highest cardiovascular risk or with established cardiovascular disease. Objectives: 1. To assess the various classes of NSAID’S giving rise to cardiovascular risks. 2. To assess the prevalence of NSAID’s induced various cardiovascular risks. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in selected areas of Chitradurga District. Results: 1. In our study, subjects who were having CVS risks were found to be the major users of Selective cox-2 inhibitor 20(27.7) followed by preferential cox-2 inhibitor 8(11.1)) and phenyl acetic acid 6(8.3). Among 401 subjects, 72 subjects were diagnosed as cardiovascular problem. The prevalence of NSAIDs induced cardiovascular problem was found to be 18% Conclusion: Our study concluded that prevalence of cardiovascular risk due to administration of NSAIDs more in rural areas than in urban areas. Key words: NSAIDs, CVS risks, Prevalence.
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) affects millions of people worldwide, and it is estimated that the prevalence among general population is 7–8 %. Chronic NP is more frequent in women compared to men and in patients above 50 years of age. Lower back, lower limbs, neck, upper lumbar and cervical painful radiculopathies are probably the most frequent sites of chronic NP. Objectives: To assess the neuropathic pain & prescription pattern, and management among NP patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in general orthopaedics department of Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chitradurga. Results: In the present study 111 patients who were diagnosed with neuropathic pain were enrolled for the period AUG-2019 to MAR -2020. Females were found to be slightly more than males. The maximum predominant age group of both genders belongs to 40-59 years. 57.66% lumbar radiculopathy NP patients diagnosed were more than cervical radiculopathy 42.34%. Out of 236 total prescribed formulations for 111 patients, 17 active pharmaceutical ingredients with an average of 2 formulations per prescription were noticed. Prescription with combination therapy was common with more usage of pregabalin and mecobalamin followed by combinations of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Drugs (NSAIDs) for the management of NP. NP patients preferred the usage of topical oil, balm applicants and hydro therapy along with regular treatment. Conclusion: The study concludes pregabalin and mecobalamin combination formulation is the most currently reliable medication in NP management and also defines additional therapy is the need along with the regular management of NP. Keywords: Neuropathic pain, Cervical radiculopathy, Lumbar radiculopathy, Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Drugs.
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