Prescribing pattern of drugs in upper respiratory tract infections in pediatric out patients

Joseph, Nivil; Dr, Bharathi; Sreenivasa, B; Gr, Nataraj; George, Neethu; M, Safdar

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20162381

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Similar findings were reported by number of such studies. 10,11,[16][17][18][19] Other studies have reported the use of 1 st and 3 rd generation cephalosporin, and aminoglycosides like amikacin for treating LRTI. 7,[14][15][16] Regarding the use FDCs prescribed, co-amoxiclav, FDC of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid which is from the WHO list of approved FDCs was prescribed for treating both URTI and LRTI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of prescription pattern of antimicrobials in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients attending a tertiary care hospital

Patel

Sapra²,

Bhave³

et al. 2023

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Irrational use of antimicrobials is a complex and multifactorial problem in developing countries. Prescriptions not adhering to the treatment guidelines, self-medication, inappropriate use of drugs by patients can inadvertently lead to development of antimicrobial resistance. An observational study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial use in pediatric population with respiratory tract infections and its adherence to national treatment guidelines. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study initiated after taking institutional ethics committee permission. The prescriptions of children diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) were screened. Their demographic profile and details of drugs prescribed were recorded. Results: Out of 230 pediatric prescriptions,155 (67%) were from outpatient department and 75 (33%) from those admitted in ward. Total 145 children were diagnosed with URTI whereas 85 had LRTI. In this study, 60 children with URTI received combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Co-amoxiclav) whereas 66 children with LRTI received Co-amoxiclav,18 ceftriaxone (N=18), 6 vancomycin (N=6) and 18 were prescribed oseltamivir (N=18), either alone or in combination. Other drugs prescribed included, paracetamol for fever and cough syrups. Out of 195 drugs prescribed by brand names, 138 (70.8%) were antimicrobials. Fixed dose combination amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, paracetamol and cough syrups were available from hospital pharmacy. None of the prescriptions had polypharmacy. Conclusions: URTI was treated using single antimicrobial whereas LRTI was treated with more than one antimicrobials or combination of antimicrobial and antiviral agent. The prescriptions were in accordance with the national treatment guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar finding was reported by Naik et al This was in contrast to the study by Baidya et al, Kokani et al and Prajapati et al which reported drugs prescribed mainly by generic name. 7,10,[17][18][19][20][21] The most preferred dosage form was syrup as majority patients were diagnosed with URTI and were treated in outpatient department.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of prescription pattern of antimicrobials in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients attending a tertiary care hospital

Patel

Sapra²,

Bhave³

et al. 2023

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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“…Prescribing indicators include the total number of drugs prescribed, average number of drugs per prescription, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of antibiotics prescribed, percentage of injections prescribed and the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list of Nepal. 9,10 The sample size was calculated using the formula: n = Z 2 pq/e 2 =1.96 2 *(0.246)*(0.754)/ (0.05) 2 Where, Z= 1.96 (at 95% confidence limit); p = 0.246 (24.6%); assuming p of antihistamine prescription 24.6%; 2 q=1-p = 1-0.24.6 = 0.754; allowable error (e) = 0.05 (5%). The sample size was calculated to be 285.02 ≈ 286.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Rational prescribing implies, using right drug for right patient at right time in right dose, and manner of administration at affordable cost with right information. 2 Drug utilisation study is important for clinical, educational, and economical purposes as well as for proper distribution and effective regulation. Irrational drug prescribing is still in practice all over world, more so in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug utilisation pattern of antihistamines in upper respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients

Bharati

Ulak

Keshari

et al. 2021

J. Kathmandu Med. Coll.

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Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common infections in the paediatric population leading to health care consultations. Antihistamines are commonly prescribed medicines in children. Objectives: This study attempted to assess the current prescription patterns of antihistamines used in the treatment of URTIs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient paediatric department of Kathmandu Medical College from January 2020 to April 2021. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. A convenient sampling technique was used. The data were collected from the outpatient department prescription card into a suitably designed proforma. Drug use indicator developed by the World Health Organisation for Rational Use of Drugs was utilised. Data were analysed using SPSS v.20. Results: Data from prescriptions of 345 patients aged less than 14 years were collected from the paediatric outpatient department of KMCTH. The most common condition was common cold (132, 38.26%). Most commonly prescribed antihistamines were Fexofenadine (156, 45.21%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 2.31. The total number of drugs prescribed by generic name was 128 (16%). Antibiotics made its place in prescriptions 279 (34.96%) times. No parenteral medication was used and 140 (17.5 %) of all drugs prescribed were from the National List of Essential Medicines. Conclusion: Antihistamines, mostly second generation, were commonly prescribed in URTIs in paediatric patients. Majority of WHO indicators were within normal limits while some needed marked improvement. Different programmes can be implemented for improvement in prescribing patterns and promotion of rational drug use.

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“…[2] Respiratory tract infections are the predominant cause most of health care consultations. [3] Paediatric groups are among the most vulnerable population groups to contact illnesses. [4] Respiratory tract infections are the most frequently occurring illness in childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Respiratory Tract Infections in the Pediatric Indoor Patients at Manipal Teaching Hospital

Kafle

2022

Nep J Med Sci

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Introduction: Respiratory tract infections are the most frequently occurring illness in childhood and antibiotics are the key drugs for its treatment which account for three-quarters of all antibiotics prescriptions. Injudicious use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistance, patients are at high risk for opportunistic infections or prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed to assess the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in the pediatric indoor patients of Manipal Teaching Hospital. Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study done in the paediatrics ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara, conducted for six months. Patients aged range from 1 day to 14 years who meet the inclusion criteria were taken in this study. Data were collected from the inpatient ward and analysed using various statistical tools. Results: Among 170 patients, a maximum(43.3%) were in the age group of 1 day to 11 months with male predominance(74.1%). Bronchopneumonia was the most common respiratory tract infection (51.8%) followed by bronchiolitis (13%). Chest x-ray was done in all patients however blood culture was done only in 60.6% and an antibiotic sensitivity test (27.6%) before prescribing antibiotics. Cefotaxime was prescribed in maximum patients (62.4%) followed by ceftriaxone (17.1%). All the patients received at least one antibiotic by i.v route during the hospital stay. Conclusion: Since culture and sensitivity tests were not carried out on most of the patients before prescribing antibiotics in this study, which might lead to an increased chance of bacterial resistance and treatment failure in the future.

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Prescribing pattern of drugs in upper respiratory tract infections in pediatric out patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of prescription pattern of antimicrobials in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients attending a tertiary care hospital

Evaluation of prescription pattern of antimicrobials in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients attending a tertiary care hospital

Drug utilisation pattern of antihistamines in upper respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients

Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics in Respiratory Tract Infections in the Pediatric Indoor Patients at Manipal Teaching Hospital

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