A computerized morphometrical investigation was performed on endometriotic tissue from the peritoneum (n = 225) and rectovaginal nodules (n = 65) to compare histologically and stereologically the rectovaginal septum endometriotic nodule to peritoneal endometriosis. Mitotic activity, stromal vascularization and the epithelium/stroma ratio were found to be significantly different in peritoneal and rectovaginal endometriosis. The evaluation revealed a major role of glandular epithelium in rectovaginal nodules where the stroma sometimes appeared absent around glandular epithelium. The study demonstrated opposite effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnJRHa) and lynestrenol on the two lesions. Indeed, in peritoneal endometriosis, after GnRHa therapy, our study demonstrated a lower rate of mitosis and poor stromal vascularization. The same drug was unable to induce the same effects in the nodule although, in contrast, lynestrenol has a strong effect on nodule vascularization. In conclusion, it is suggested that the rectovaginal adenomyotic nodule is a specific disease, different from peritoneal endometriosis. It is not the consequence of 'deep infiltrating' endometriosis but can probably develop from Mtillerian rests present in the rectovaginal septum.

420Rev Bras Enferm, Brasília 2013 mai-jun; 66(3): 420-8. REVISãOEfetividade da intervenção breve para o uso abusivo de álcool na atenção primária: revisão sistemática RESUMO A pesquisa identifi cou estudos clínicos acerca das intervenções breves para o uso abusivo de álcool e analisou a efi cácia dos aconselhamentos para os consumidores. Estudo bibliográfi co sistemático que utilizou artigos publicados no período de 1997 a 2010. Os achados mostraram que a estratégia de intervenção breve é efetiva na redução da frequência e quantidade de álcool, com melhores resultados quando aplicada na atenção primária. Todos os profi ssionais da área da saúde obtêm bons resultados com o manejo dessa terapia. Não foi possível defi nir se a estratégia é mais efi caz se aplicada em bebedores de uso nocivo ou em crônicos, uma vez que a intervenção depende da mobilização de recursos motivacionais do paciente e de mudanças de atitude relacionadas ao consumo de álcool. Descritores: Álcool; Intervenção Breve; Atenção Primária; Tratamento, Efetividade. ABTRACTThe research identifi ed clinical studies on the brief interventions for the abusive use of alcohol and analyzed the effectiveness of professional advises proposed to alcohol consumers. The systematic bibliographical study was based on articles published during the period of 1997 to 2010. Brief intervention strategy is effective in the reduction on the frequency and amount of alcohol use, with better results when the strategy is applied to the primary attention situations. All professionals obtained good results using this therapy. It was not possible to determine if the strategy is most effective when applied to harmful drinkers or to chronic drinkers, since the intervention also depends on the patient's availability of motivational resources and on changes in attitude regarding the abusive use of alcohol. Key words: Alcohol; Brief Intervention; Basic Attention; Treatment; Effectiveness. RESUMENLa encuesta identifi có estudios clínicos sobre intervenciones breves para el abuso de alcohol y analizado la efi cacia de la orientación a los consumidores. Estudio sistemático utilizó la literatura publicada entre 1997 y 2010. Resultados mostraron que la estrategia de intervención breve es efectiva en la reducción de la frecuencia y la cantidad de alcohol, con mejores resultados cuando se utilizan para primaria. Todas atenciones en el área de la salud han tenido buenos resultados con la gestión de esta terapia. No se puede establecer la estrategia es más efi caz si se aplica en los bebedores de abuso de alcohol o crónica, ya que la intervención depende de la movilización de los cambios motivacionales y actitudinales del paciente relacionados con el consumo de alcohol.

Objective: to identify and review the literature on non-pharmacological strategies used for reducing anxiety in patients receiving cardiac catheterization. Method: this study was an integrative literature review. The research was conducted using the databases LILACS, SciELO, Medline (through BVS and PubMed) and Scopus. Studies were analyzed according to their objective, method, instruments used for evaluating patients' anxiety, and the results obtained. Results: the most used strategy for reducing anxiety in patients receiving cardiac catheterization was music therapy. However, no study identifying the most appropriate time for this intervention (before, during and/or after the procedure) was found. Other strategies identifi ed in this review were educational videos, massage, and palm therapy. Conclusion: the results found suggest that anxiety can be reduced using non-pharmacological strategies. Keywords: Anxiety; Nursing; Cardiac Catheterization. RESUMO Objetivo: identifi car na literatura estudos que abordam as estratégias não farmacológicas utilizadas para redução da ansiedade de pacientes que se submetem ao cateterismo cardíaco. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, Medline (via BVS e PubMed) e Scopus. Os estudos foram analisados de acordo com seu objetivo, métodos, instrumentos utilizados para avaliar ansiedade dos pacientes e resultados obtidos. Resultados: a musicoterapia foi a estratégia mais abordada para a redução da ansiedade. Entretanto, não foi encontrado nenhum estudo que identifi casse o momento mais adequado para esta intervenção (antes, durante e/ou após o procedimento hemodinâmico). Outras estratégias identifi cadas nesta revisão foram o vídeo educacional, massagem e terapia na palma das mãos. Conclusão: os resultados encontrados sugerem que a ansiedade pode ser diminuída com o emprego de estratégias não farmacológicas. Descritores: Ansiedade; Enfermagem; Cateterismo Cardíaco. RESUMENObjetivo: identifi car y revisar los estudios de literatura que abordan las estrategias no farmacológicas utilizadas para reducir la ansiedad en los pacientes que reciben un cateterismo cardíaco. Método: revisión integradora. La investigación se llevó a cabo utilizando las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, Medline (BVS y PubMed) y Scopus. Los estudios se analizaron de acuerdo con sus objetivos, la metodo, los instrumentos utilizados para la evaluación de la ansiedad de los pacientes, y los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: la estrategia dirigida más para reducir la ansiedad en los pacientes que recibieron cateterización cardíaca fue la musicoterapia. No se encontró estudio, sin embargo, identifi cando el momento más adecuado para esta intervención (antes, durante y / o después de este procedimiento). Otras estrategias identifi cados en esta revisión eran videos educativos, masajes y terapia de palma. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que la ansiedad se puede reducir el uso de estrategias no farmacológicas.

Estudo analítico, transversal, retrospectivo. Objetivos: Verificar a relação entre reações transfusionais imediatas, características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes e características das hemotransfusões em um hemocentro universitário. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado com dados de transfusões realizadas em 2016 no hemocentro da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados demográficos dos pacientes, características das hemotransfusões e ocorrência de reações transfusionais imediatas. Possíveis associações foram avaliadas usando os Testes de Fisher, Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e t de Student. Associações com valores de p<0,05 foram consideradas significativas. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 320 fichas de pacientes, totalizando 938 transfusões. Dos produtos sanguíneos transfundidos, 90,3% eram concentrados de hemácias, administrados por auxiliares de enfermagem em 43,8% das situações. As reações transfusionais ocorreram em 4,3% das situações (n=40). O sinal de reações mais frequente foi a febre (47,5%), seguido de prurido (22,5%). As reações foram mais prevalentes em pacientes com maior idade média (p= 0,0037), que receberam duas transfusões sanguíneas em comparação a uma (p<0,0001), consequentemente mais bolsas de transfusões (p=0,0002), maior volume total transfundido (p<0,0001) e maior tempo de administração (p=0,0017). Pacientes com anemia aplásica, leucemia mieloide aguda e neoplasias de órgãos sólidos tiveram reações transfusionais imediatas mais frequentemente do que pacientes com outros diagnósticos (p≤0,05). Conclusões: A ocorrência de reações transfusionais imediatas teve relação com a idade, diagnóstico médico, número de hemotransfusões, número de bolsas transfundidas, volume total transfundido e tempo de transfusão. O conhecimento desses fatores pode subsidiar treinamentos específicos voltados para a vigilância quanto às reações transfusionais imediatas.

Objective: To develop an informative manual on venous thromboembolism prevention for the lay population and to estimate evidences of content and face validity. Methods: A methodological study conducted in three stages. The first stage was the preparation of the manual, followed by content validation with cardiovascular specialists who judged clarity, theoretical relevance and practical pertinence on a 4-point Likert scale. Items with a content validity index ≤0.75 were revised and re-evaluated. The last stage was the face validation by lay people, who were interviewed regarding item understanding and visual appearance. Items with more than 80.0% positive opinions were considered adequate. Results: The manual was developed containing nine illustrations, definition of the disease, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and preventive measures. In the first assessment round, the validity index was 1.0 for the text of all sections, with suggestions for language adjustments. As to the illustrations, the validity indexes ranged from 0.67 to 1.0. In the second round, the validity index reached 1.0 for all items. A total of 40 lay people participated in the face validation, and all considered the paper type and font size appropriate, as well as the font used as readable; 97.5% were able to understand the information contained in the manual; 98.0% considered it esthetically beautiful; and 90.0% considered the reading not tiresome. Conclusion: The informative manual on venous thromboembolism prevention was prepared, its content validated by experts, and considered appropriate by the lay population. These results suggest that the manual may be used as a preventive educational strategy for venous thromboembolism.

Purpose: To estimate the content validity of the outcome Knowledge: Heart Failure Management (1835) of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Methods: A methodological study conducted in Brazil with nurses with expertise in cardiovascular nursing and nursing process. The nurse experts evaluated the relevance of the indicators for the nursing outcome on a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 55 indicators were analyzed, including 50 NOC indicators, four indicators located from a scoping review, and one suggested by an expert during the content validation process. The relevance ratio supported the categorization of indicators as critical, supplemental, or unnecessary. Relevance ratios of critical and supplemental indicators were summed and divided by the total number of the indicators to calculate the outcome content validity (OCV) score of the nursing outcome.Findings: Fifteen nurse experts, mostly females (n = 13) with a mean age of 36.0 ± 6.3 years, 13.9 ± 6.5 years of professional experience, and extensive use of the nursing process in their clinical practice (n = 10), teaching (n = 13), and research (n = 11), participated in this study. Regarding the content validation, 43 (78.2%) out of 55 indicators were categorized as critical (relevance ratio .80-.98), 11 (20%) as supplemental (relevance ratio .67-.79), and one indicator (1.8%) was categorized as unnecessary (relevance ratio .48). The OCV score of the nursing outcome was .87. Conclusion:The study provided evidence of content validity of 49 indicators of the NOC outcome, Knowledge: Heart Failure Management, and five new indicators identified through the validation process based on nurse experts' opinions. Implications for the nursing practice: These findings provide evidence-based indicators for the measurement of heart failure patients' knowledge about disease management. As a result, nurses can test the effectiveness of nursing interventions based on valid outcome indicators.

Objectives: To estimate the content validity of the Symptom Control nursing outcome for heart failure patients in palliative care and to analyze the influence of experts' experience in the judgment of the relevance of indicators. Methods: A methodological study conducted in São Paulo in 2018, with an adaptation of Fehring's validation model. The relevance of the 11 outcome indicators was assessed by 19 experts by means of an electronically submitted survey. The influence of the experts' experience on judgment was analyzed by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and by Kendall's Tau correlation. Results: The indicators were considered pertinent; with 54.5% classified as critical. There was no association between the weighted means of the indicators and the experts' experience. Conclusions: The indicators analyzed are relevant for the evaluation of the Symptom Control outcome in this group of patients. The experts' judgment was not influenced by their area of clinical experience or by their experience with the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).

The validated nursing interventions encompass a wide range of nursing knowledge, and these results provide empirical evidence for further studies.