Although the results of this study are encouraging, the use of CT in subjects with bipolar disorders is more complex than in unipolar disorders and requires a high level of therapist expertise. The therapy may prove to be particularly useful in the treatment of bipolar depression.

No abstract

While recognition for work has been positively related to nurses' job satisfaction in the research literature, specific types of recognition that would be most meaningful have not been identified. In this descriptive survey, 341 randomly selected staff nurses rated the extent of meaningfulness of 38 head nurse recognition behaviors. The most meaningful, in order of importance, were monetary rewards commensurate with performance, private verbal feedback, and written acknowledgment. Three other categories of recognition were identified as moderately meaningful: public acknowledgement, schedule adjustment, and opportunities for growth and development.

The predictors summarised in this review can be used for risk stratification of excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery. Assessment, documentation and case reporting can be guided by awareness of these factors, so that postoperative vigilance can be prioritised. Timely identification and correction of the modifiable factors can be facilitated.

This report describes research at the University of Iowa College of Nursing to develop a comprehensive classification of nursing-sensitive patient outcomes. The Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes Classification (NOC) completes the nursing process elements of the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS). We describe resolution of conceptual and methodological problems that define the inductive approach taken to develop the NOC. Strategies used to develop NOC included review of the literature, clinical databases and instruments; concept analysis; and surveys of nurse experts. Examples of outcomes, definitions, and indicators are presented. The NOC provides standardized patient outcomes for determining the effectiveness of nursing interventions and enables inclusion of these data in data sets for healthcare effectiveness research.