ResumenEn el presente estudio se realiza el análisis de un grupo de niños y niñas de tercer grado de educación preescolar, en cuanto a la posible mejoría en su área personal/social que abarca la interacción con el adulto, autoconcepto, interacción con los compañeros, colaboración y rol social a través de la aplicación de un programa de intervención psicomotriz con base en el juego, utilizando música de fondo y material reciclado. El grupo experimental integrado por 29 alumnos (13 niños y 16 niñas), se sometió a una evaluación pre-post, utilizándose como instrumento de medición el área personal/social del Inventario de Desarrollo Battelle y a un programa psicomotriz con una duración de tres meses en 36 sesiones. En la comparación de resultados de evaluación previos y posteriores al programa, interpretados a través de estadística descriptiva, prueba t de Student y regresión lineal, se observaron diferencias positivas y significativas después de la intervención. Palabras clave: programa psicomotriz, área personal/social, intervención en preescolar, interacción con el adulto, autoconcepto, interacción con los compañeros, colaboración, rol social. AbstractIn the present study there are realized the analysis of a group of children of the third degree of pre-school education, as for the possible improvement in their personal / social area that includes the interaction with the adult, autoconcept, interaction with the companions, collaboration and social role across the application of a program of psychomotor intervention with base in the game, using background music and recycled material. The experimental group integrated by 29 pupils (13 boys and 16 girls), surrendered to an evaluation pre-post, being in use as instrument of measurement the personal / social area of the Inventory of Development Battelle
Flexibility is one of the physical capacities associated with improved performance in jazz dancers girls. However, jazz training being a complex physical activity is not only based on flexibility training, it also focuses on the development of motor skills, technique, posture, and rhythm. Therefore, it is important to demonstrate whether a passive stretching training, with minimum frequency, generates favorable results on flexibility. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of flexibility training on active and passive range of motion (ROM), as well as joint mobility in girls jazz dancers by chronological caracterizar la muestra age group. 30 jazz dancers with an average age of 8.5 ± 1.6 years with no more than four years practicing professional sports practice, enrolled in an integrative flexibility training program developed once a week for 12 weeks, and were assessed for active and passive hip joint mobility through goniometry in conjunction with six flexibility tests. There was an increase in all flexibility variables with a moderate size-effect, except for the joint ROM in active and passive left abduction and active right flexion, which had a high effect. In conclusion, training focused on static exercises can be considered an effective strategy to develop ROM, because it's possible to increase flexibility and stretch in lower extremities with a frequency of once a week in jazz dancing girls.
La práctica regular de actividad física sugiere un aumento de la condición física y una mejora de la composición corporal; sin embargo, a pesar de que las personas cumplen con las directrices propuestas no logran obtener buenos indicadores de condición física los cuales brindan más información acerca de la salud. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las capacidades físicas de fuerza prensil, potencia en piernas, consumo máximo de oxígeno, actividad física con la composición corporal en adultos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, se evaluaron 100 adultos, se valoró fuerza prensil con dinamometría, potencia en piernas con tres tipos de saltos, VO2máx, la actividad física por cuestionario IPAQ y la composición corporal con bioimpedancia eléctrica. Resultados: Los varones poseen valores mayores de capacidades físicas, masa magra y actividad física realizada con mayor intensidad en comparación con las mujeres; los resultados muestran una estrecha relación entre la práctica de actividad física realizada con intensidades moderadas y altas en relación a las capacidades físicas de fuerza prensil y potencia en piernas en aquellas personas sin peso bajo u obesidad; Además, en todas éstas, mediante el análisis Post Hoc, se encontró que las diferencias se presentan entre la actividad baja en comparación con la vigorosa y en la moderada con respecto a la vigorosa. Conclusiones: Personas con normo y sobrepeso muestran mejores capacidades físicas, así como valores elevados de actividad física, mientras que altos índices de grasa corporal total y un IMC elevado son un factor determinante para el desarrollo de las mismas. Abstract: The regular practice of physical activity suggests an increase in physical condition and an improvement in body composition, despite the fact that people comply with the proposed guidelines, they are unable to obtain good indicators of physical fitness, which provide more information about the Health. Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical capacities of grip strength, leg power, maximum oxygen consumption, physical activity and body composition in adults. Methodology: Cross-sectional correlational descriptive study, 100 adults were evaluated, grip strength was assessed with dynamometry, leg power with three types of jumps, VO2max, physical activity by IPAQ questionnaire and body composition with electrical bioimpedance. Results: Men have higher values of physical capacities, lean mass and physical activity carried out with greater intensity compared to women; The results show a close relationship between the practice of physical activity carried out with moderate and high intensities in relation to the physical capacities of grip strength and power in the legs in those without underweight or obesity; In addition, in all of these, by means of Post Hoc analysis, it was found that the differences are presented between low activity compared to vigorous activity and moderate activity compared to vigorous activity. Conclusions: Normal and overweight people show better physical capacities as well as high levels of physical activity, while high levels of total body fat and a high BMI are a determining factor for their development.
Obesity has generated a pandemic in relation to public health; however, depending on the type of exercise, intensity, frequency, and time spent exercising, it provides different effects on the human body. The present investigation has the objective of comparing the effect of two modalities of exercise, aquatic and grounded, on the body composition of overweight and obese adults. The present was an experimental study with 26 overweight and obese adults distributed in two exercise groups: aquatic and grounded. Both groups received 12 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic training assessed with a heart rate monitor and determined through the maximum heart rate on each individual grounded and aquatic training. The study variables were Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, and lean mass. After carrying out the exercise program significant differences were observed in the reduction of BMI as well as in the percentage of fat in both sexes (<0.01). No differences were observed in relation to BMI reduction, nor the percentage of fat evaluated before and after by different exercise modalities; likewise, there was no difference in either sex. In conclusion, exercise provides favorable changes in body composition variables; however, in this study, it does not rely on the exercise modality.
Background: CrossFit is known as a functional fitness training high-intensity exercise to improve physical performance. The most studied polymorphisms are the ACTN3 R577X gene, known for speed, power, and strength, and ACE I/D, related to endurance and strength. The present investigation analyzed the effects of training on ACTN3 and ACE gene expression in CrossFit athletes for 12 weeks. Methods: the studies included 18 athletes from the Rx category, where ACTN3 (RR, RX, XX) and ACE (II, ID, DD) characterization of genotypes and tests of maximum strength (NSCA), power (T-Force), and aerobic endurance (Course Navette) were performed. The technique used was the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the relative expression analysis. Results: the relative quantification (RQ) values for the ACTN3 gene increased their levels 2.3 times (p = 0.035), and for ACE, they increased 3.0 times (p = 0.049). Conclusions: there is an overexpression of the ACTN3 and ACE genes due to the effect of training for 12 weeks. Additionally, the correlation of the expression of the ACTN3 (p = 0.040) and ACE (p = 0.030) genes with power was verified.
El CrossFit es un entrenamiento sumamente practicado por diversos atletas alrededor del mundo, los cuales se preparan cada año para ser mejores y ser seleccionados para competir en los CrossFit Games. Actualmente se conoce muy poco acerca de las pruebas que valoran la fatiga muscular en atletas que practique este tipo de entrenamiento. La fatiga muscular tiene un papel fundamental en el rendimiento de los atletas para su preparación y competición. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar las diferentes pruebas que se utilizan para medir la fatiga muscular en atletas hombre de CrossFit. Por ellos se realizó una búsqueda sistemática siguiendo las pautas de PRISMA y en los artículos se incluyeron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos originales, atletas hombres de CrossFit y evaluación de la fatiga muscular. Estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años (desde el año 2011 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2021), los artículos no se limitaron a un idioma en específico, encontrando en su mayoría inglés y español. La selección principal fue por medio del título, después por medio del resumen y lectura del documento completo en estudios potenciales. Finalmente, se encontraron cinco artículos en los cuales se identificaron diversas pruebas para medir la fatiga muscular en los atletas de CrossFit. Como conclusión dada la amplia variedad de entrenamientos (WOD), tipos de ejercicios e intensidades en CrossFit es necesario valorar pruebas físicas y marcadores bioquímicos. Abstract. CrossFit is training highly practiced by various athletes around the world, who prepare each year to be better and be selected to compete in the CrossFit Games. Currently very little known about the tests that assess muscle fatigue in athletes who practice this type of training. Muscle fatigue plays a fundamental role in the performance of athletes for their preparation and competition. The purpose of this study was to compare the different tests used to measure muscle fatigue in male CrossFit athletes. For them, a systematic search was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, and the following inclusion criteria were included in the articles: original articles, CrossFit male athletes, and evaluation of muscle fatigue. Studies published in the last 10 years (from 2011 to March 31, 2021) the articles were not limited to a specific language, finding mostly English and Spanish. The main selection was by title, then by abstracting and reading the entire document in potential studies. Finally, five articles were found in which various tests were found to measure muscle fatigue in CrossFit athletes. In conclusion, given the wide variety of workouts (WOD) types of exercises and intensities in CrossFit, it is necessary to assess physical tests and biochemical markers.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación de la actividad física realizada sobre la aptitud física, composición corporal y calidad de vida en una población de mujeres adultas mayores de México. Estudio retrospectivo correlacional en el cual se clasificó a las mujeres según su estilo de vida activo de acuerdo a si cumple o no con las directrices publicadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS] en 2020 sobre actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. La evaluación de la actividad física se registró a través del Cuestionario IPAQ, la aptitud física a través de la batería Senior Fitness Test, la composición corporal se estimó mediante impedancia bioeléctrica y la calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF36. Los resultados de aquellas mujeres mayores que tienen un mayor gasto energético y que cumplen con las recomendaciones del tiempo destinado a la actividad física, muestran una mejor aptitud física, composición corporal y mayor percepción de la calidad de vida, sin embargo, la mayoría no cumple con estas recomendaciones.
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