The article presents the results of mathematical modeling based on the construction and use of various images of the object, process or system. The research involves the study of the dependence of the level of productivity and valuable farming traits of corn hybrids in the form of mathematical models. Field research was carried out during 2011-2017 on the experimental fields of the Department of Crop Production, Breeding and Bioenergy Crops of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, at the state enterprise “Research Farm “Kordelivske” of the Institute of Potato Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe in accordance with the guidelines provided in “Methodology of Field Experiments in Corn”. The use of computer technology, in particular, cluster analysis, from our point of view, allows us to approach the difficult task of improving the efficiency of the correct choice of hybrids and technologies to obtain the maximum level of bioethanol yield per unit area of maize hybrids. An ecological-genetic model of quantitative traits was used to study the phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids and to establish the influence on the formation of their traits. The construction of the model is based on the hierarchy of manifestation of productivity traits in ontogenesis and the correspondence of their manifestation in organogenesis. The model consists of three modules of traits including the resulting one and double-component that reflect phenotypic implementation of the genetic formula. The resulting traits are those that have environmentally stable correlation and the highest total impact on the final resulting trait, namely, the yield. According to the results of researches of mathematical models of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids of different maturity groups, both general biological regularities and group differences of trait formation have been established. Thus, the analysis of the differences between the groups of early and mid-early corn hybrids, in general reveals that their growth and development are affected to a relative extent by the amount of effective temperatures, amount of precipitation and HTC. In fact, the maturity groups studied differ insufficiently, and the main differences can be observed only in the variability of the traits studied or the closeness of their relationships with each other. However, mid hybrids respond somewhat differently to environmental factors, which allows to develop the elements of adaptive cultivation technology for each maturity group. Based on the results of cluster analysis, cluster dendrograms were created using the odd-numbered group method with the determination of Euclidean distances.
The ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation in Ukraine is considered. In particular, the sown areas of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of common field crops in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is calculated. A comparison is made for these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with by-products of leguminous crops at their average yield. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Calculated symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will more contribute to the stabilization of the agroecological state of the soil. It is proved that an increase in the areas of leguminous crops in the intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will have a positive effect on the agroecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products, which can be buried in the soil – 3.5 t/ha. Also, the by-products of beans provide the input into the soil of all mineral phosphorus – 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium – 16.5 kg/ha. By-products allow to accumulate more mineral nitrogen in the soil with by-products – 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops – 120 kg/ha.
The agro-industrial complex is one of the most stable in terms of revenue to the budget of intersectoral formations, in which significant amounts of electricity produced using fossil fuels, mainly imported, fuel resources are consumed for the implementation of production processes, which poses a threat to its effective functioning and makes in the research article. The purpose of the article is to assess the potential and determine promising methods of decentralized power supply for agro-industrial producers based on the analysis of modern technical and technological solutions in the field of electrical engineering and the synthesis of a promising scheme for a combined autonomous power supply system for agricultural enterprises. The article assessed the technical and technological capabilities for the use of autonomous electrical installations by small and medium-sized enterprises of the agricultural sector, operating on the principle of conversion of renewable sources, taking into account the natural and climatic potential of the Vinnytsia region. As a result of a comparative analysis of the operational characteristics of the known methods of accumulating electric energy, it was found that in the conditions of autonomous power supply of small and medium-sized agro-industrial enterprises due to the conversion of alternative energy sources, the most functionally and economically justified option is the use of energy storage systems based on flywheels with partial use of a backup unit lithium-ion batteries. Based on domestic and foreign experience, a promising scheme of a combined autonomous power supply system for small and medium agricultural enterprises was proposed and priority areas for further research were formed to improve the efficiency of such a system. The study of technical and technological prerequisites for the development of a combined system of autonomous power supply and its components was carried out using methods of analysis, generalization and a systematic approach. The potential advantages and effect of the proposed scheme implementation are based on the laws of development of technical and electric power systems.
Анотація. За результатами власних досліджень та опрацьованих літературних джерел, встановлено, що за використання передпосівної обробки насіння та посівів люцерни посівної стимуляторами і мікродобривами поліпшуються умови росту та розвитку культури та підвищується індивідуальна продуктивність. Вдосконалено агротехнологічні прийоми вирощування посівів люцерни посівної за рахунок оптимізованої системи обробки насіння стимуляторами росту на посівів добривами з повним набором макро-і мікроелементів. Встановлено, тісний кореляційно-регресійний зв'язок між урожайністю насіння люцерни посівної та: густотою рослин, висотою рослин та індивідуальною насіннєвою продуктивністю однієї рослини. Виявлено, найвищий вихід насіння з однієї рослини зафіксовано на варіанті обробки посіву стимулятором росту Сапрогум у фазу гілкування та бутонізації + підживлення посіву у фазу бутонізації мікродобривом Вуксал-1,0 г, що на 11,0 % більше, ніж на варіанті без обробки посіву стимуляторами і мікродобривами. Порівняння величини виходу насіння з однієї рослини люцерни посівної за різних комбінацій стимуляторів росту і мікродобрив показало, що комбінація обробки посіву стимулятором росту Люцис у фазу гілкування та бутонізації + підживлення посіву у фазу бутонізації мікродобривом Урожай бобові забезпечує на 10,7 % вищий вихід, ніж комбінація обробки посіву стимулятором росту Сапрогум у фазу гілкування та бутонізації + підживлення посіву у фазу бутонізації мікродобривом Вуксал. Встановлено, найбільшу урожайність насіння люцерни посівної отримано на варіантах обробки посіву стимулятором росту Люцис і мікродобрива Урожай бобові, що становила 0,48 т/га. Очікувані результати виконання досліджень спрямовані на підвищення рівня реалізації урожайного сортового потенціалу багаторічних трав, а саме, люцерни посівної, росту рентабельності її виробництва у комплексі із забезпеченням екологічного та соціального ефектів. Ключові слова: люцерна посівна, обробка насіння, стимулятори росту, урожайність, індивідуальна продуктивність * Науковий керівник-доцент, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук Н. В. Телекало Н.В.
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