Для інтернет-комунікації характерні такі особливості: 1) поліфонія; 2) гіпертекстові й інте рактивні функції Мережі; 3) анонімність і віддаленість. Інтернет-дискурс, як і будь-який інший тип дискурсу, характеризується низкою структурних і лексико-граматичних особливостей. Ключові слова: дискурс, інтернет-дискурс, віртуальна комунікація, лексико-граматичні особливості.
In this study, we analyze the political discourse of the United States and Europe in terms of linguistic approaches. Among the methods we use are systemic, structural, functional, content analysis, discourse analysis and thesaurus method. Its application took place within the theory of discourse. The study found that the main difference between the political discourses of Europe and the United States are the forms and means of communication, the formats of their distribution and the massive indicators of inclusion of the population (recipient of political discourse) in the communicative interaction. The difference is also the centralization and the levels at which the discourse develops. For example, the focus of political rhetoric on the institution of the U.S. presidency makes the presidential speech a reflection of public opinion. This is not typical of European countries, as pluralism of opinion is widespread there, communication takes place at local, regional, national, and supranational level. In addition, the European identity is in the process of being deeded. However, both discourses have in common the commitment to the values of democracy, but they manifest themselves differently.
The use of online technology of an experimental, gaming, competitive nature helps unite the virtual context and the acquisition of analytical skills in an environment, where personal communication is impossible, and the learning process requires high-quality preparation and understanding of the level of acquisition of speech skills. Studies show that within the conditions of distance learning of language and literature teachers (philologists), special difficulties are caused by the study of new technologies related to speech practice, stylistics, text creation; the reason for this is the insufficient number of group and heuristic activities, work in pairs, lack of sufficient speech practice of high communicative and intellectual level. Online quizzes as a technology of competition, games aims to increase the register, level and intensity of communication; they can potentially overcome the lack of authentic communication and academic traditions in the training of philologists. The purpose of this study is to show the prospects for the use of modern information and computer technologies. Intensive informatization of the educational process has its own organizational specifics: the willingness and availability of technical capabilities not only for students - philologists, but also for the teaching staff of universities and administrations. The condition for successful informatization is the ability of teachers to effectively use all available potential. The study focuses on the use and scope, difficulties in implementing information and communication technologies, and separate competitive interactive forms in higher education of language and literature teachers in terms of distance education.
A concept can be treated in two different ways: as a linguistic-cognitive phenomenon and a cultural one. The components of the conceptual system are perceived as individual signals created while reflecting information about this world. The purpose of the paper is to compare, analyse and classify the linguistic structure of the concept of "pandemic" in the modern English language. The concept of “pandemic” is socially important as a key element included in the linguistic picture of the world of almost every language nowadays. The concept of pandemic comprises various nominative units: different grammatical forms of the word “pandemic”, phrases with the word “pandemic”, synonyms to the word “pandemic”, pandemic-related words. The research methodology consists of selection of cognitive classification features and further ranking their brightness by the frequency principle. The concept of pandemic was analysed according to the combination of the following linguistic methods: acquisition, computer analysis, quantitative method, induction and deduction. The first stage of the research included grammatical analysis of the empirical material. In the second stage of the research neologisms (new words), new meanings of the existing words and new collocations were found. The research has proved the recent changes in the structure and perception of the concept of "pandemic" in the contemporary English language. The vocabulary of the English language has been, on the one hand, enriched while, on the other hand, has narrowed the meanings of some particular words. Further research is prospective as the concept of the pandemic still tends to be enriched.
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