The primary aim for this research was to explore the overlap and differences between the concepts related to secondary traumatization: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), secondary traumatic stress (STS), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout (BRN). A secondary aim for this research was to examine the impact of secondary traumatization and some of the personal and professional elements that affect how pediatric healthcare providers experience PTSD, STS, CF, and BRN. An online survey was sent via e-mail to numerous list serves for healthcare providers who had worked on PICU, NICU, or PEDS units within the last year. The analyses revealed that a significant overlap existed between the terms of STS, PTSD, BRN, CS, and CF for PICU, NICU, and PEDS providers. However, a hierarchical linear regression revealed a significant amount of unique contributions to the variance in CF based on each of the measured concepts. Despite previous literature that indicates that the terms STS and CF can be used interchangeably, the two most prominent measures utilized in the assessment of CF and STS are actually capturing at least some unique elements. Given these results, future researchers should examine and conceptualize the difference in etiology, prevalence, symptoms, and treatment efficacy for CF and STS as separate but related entities and then return their focus to understanding secondary traumatization in healthcare providers.

A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the rates of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25), and eating attitudes among college students. Data were collected at a large southeastern university. Adolescents (ages 18-25) self-reported weight and height (to calculate BMI), and, in addition to demographic information, completed the eating attitudes (EAT 26) scale to assess dieting tendencies. Significance of the mean BMI differences between gender and ethnic background were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Chi-square was used to determine whether the rate of those with BMI≥25 between gender and ethnic background was statistically significant. While 52.7% of the students' BMI were within the normal weight category, 15.2% were underweight, 21.3% were overweight, and 10.8% were obese. The rate of BMI≥25 differed by gender and ethnicity, with males and African Americans having higher rates. About 12 % of the participants reported disturbed eating behavior, which is lower than previously reported. Even so, results support the generally held belief that disturbed eating attitudes and unhealthy dieting are common among college students, especially among females. At the same time, disturbed eating attitudes are not just the domain of young female students; about 10% of college males reported disturbed eating attitudes. Findings of this study call for obesity prevention/intervention and lifestyle modification outreach programs among college students. Weight status and unhealthy eating behaviors of college students should be a concern to health care professionals. While obese young adults will likely remain obese throughout their adult life, excessive dieting among students, which is linked to eating disorders and other health hazards, does not provide healthy and adequate alternatives for maintaining a normal BMI. Implications for obesity prevention programs are discussed.

Body satisfaction as a part of global self-esteem is constructed differently by males and females. Various aspects of parenting (care and control) are associated with self-esteem and body satisfaction for each gender, influencing dieting behavior.

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Background: Intake of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, no studies have been published on beliefs, attitude, perceived barriers and benefits, and knowledge regarding tree nuts and peanuts among individuals with or at risk for these conditions. Methods: The objective of this study was to assess the beliefs, attitude, perceived barriers and benefits, and knowledge regarding tree nuts and peanuts intake among 85 Caucasian and African Americans (mean age 63 years) individuals with or at risk for CVD and/or diabetes. A survey questionnaire was utilized to collect date from to healthcare facilities in a small town in southeastern United States. Results: About 32% were unaware of the hypocholesterolemic effects of nuts and an additional 21% disagreed that nuts exhibit such effects. Fifty-three percent agreed or strongly agreed that eating tree nuts and peanuts would help them to be healthier. Most participants (63%) strongly agreed or agreed with the statement, "I would eat nuts on most days of a week if my doctor recommended me to do so." About one-third of the participants strongly agreed, agreed, or neither agreed/disagreed with the statement, "I should not eat nuts on most days of the week because I would gain weight." The majority of participants answered all five knowledge questions concerning the nutrient content of tree nuts and peanuts incorrectly Conclusions: The results indicate that the beliefs and knowledge of individuals with or at risk for CVD and/or diabetes are largely inconsistent with the scientific findings. The results also indicate that the best way to change attitude, perceived barriers and benefits could be accomplished by physicians.

Cancer presents uncertainties for individuals of any age; however, emerging and young adults (EYA) are challenged to cope with developmental tasks in addition to cancer-related stressors. Guided by the double ABC-X model and biopsychosocial–spiritual framework, the current study investigates coping strategies used by this population and the role of psychological resources (perception of parental care/control and spirituality) on their coping ability. Recruited from online social media, 210 EYA cancer survivors self-reported demographic, medical information, and completed the Brief Cope scale. In addition, spirituality reliance, perceived parental care, and parental control were measured and examined in relation to coping ability. While nearly half of participants experienced positive adaptation in relation to multiple stressors, hierarchical multiple regression revealed the developmental nature of coping and indicated that higher spirituality reliance and higher degree of parental care were predictive of adaptive coping among EYA cancer survivors. Content analyses of the open-ended questions confirmed these results. In order to facilitate adaptive coping, attention must be paid to the unique biopsychosocial-spiritual and developmental needs of young cancer survivors while encouraging family support and spirituality reliance as significant tools in coping. Practical recommendations for nursing support and healthcare teams are discussed.

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Hospital chaplaincy and spiritual care services are important to patients' medical care and well-being; however, little is known about healthcare providers' experiences receiving spiritual support. A phenomenological study examined the shared experience of spiritual care between hospital chaplains and hospital-based healthcare providers (HBHPs). Six distinct themes emerged from the in-depth interviews: Awareness of chaplain availability, chaplains focus on building relationships with providers and staff, chaplains are integrated in varying degrees on certain hospital units, chaplains meet providers' personal and professional needs, providers appreciate chaplains, and barriers to expanding hospital chaplains' services. While HBHPs appreciated the care received and were able to provide better patient care as a result, participants reported that administrators may not recognize the true value of the care provided. Implications from this study are applied to hospital chaplaincy clinical, research, and training opportunities.