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The article reviews the laws relating to land privatisation and land transactions in Russia and describes the ownership structure of agricultural land after more than a decade of reforms. The main transactions in land are analysed on the basis of data collected in a 2003 survey of corporate farms and individual land users. Low demand for agricultural land, limited access to market information, and bureaucratic complexity are identified as the main obstacle to the development of a land market. Complicated bureaucratic procedures lead to high transaction costs that prevent individual landowners from registering their property rights. Some policy recommendations are proposed for facilitating the development of land markets. Comparative Economic Studies (2005) 47, 127–140. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100080

The article is focused on the problem of monitoring and evaluation of food security. The necessity of changing the existing Russian approaches is proved, a system of indicators and methods of their calculation are proposed, calculations of integral index of food independence are developed, economic access to the food for the population with different income levels is estimated. Regions with threats of social instability associated with limited economic access to food for a large part of the population are revealed.

In this paper the authors clarify the concept of “national interest”, for the sake of which the embargo on food deliveries to Russia was introduced on August 7, 2014. Its impact on Russian agricultural producers, consumers and countries under embargo has been estimated. We find that the embargo had a positive effect on producers of agricultural products and a negative one on consumers. The economies of the countries under embargo have not suffered in general - the share of food in their exports increased as they managed to reorient them on other markets. In Russia the effect of the embargo was influenced by ruble devaluation which encouraged consumers to choose domestic food instead of imported one as less expensive. Growth of Russian production, especially meat, in conditions of decrease of solvent demand has led to changes in price trends. The possibility of food reexport to Russia has become an external positive effect of the embargo for other countries. Using other priorities when choosing countersanctions could make them more targeted having less negative impact on the population of Russia.

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