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The objective of this study was to explore the drivers of choice and perceptions of healthiness that specific ingredient or energy content information displayed on the front‐of‐pack label of cereal bars triggers among different groups of consumers. The participants (18 to 50 years old), classified as exercisers (n = 103, 52 women) or nonexercisers (n = 101, 51 women), completed a questionnaire and then rated their interest using images of cereal bars that varied in four characteristics (“With fruit,” “With chocolate,” “High protein,” and calorie content). Conjoint analysis showed that the most important motives were associated with the convenience, pleasure/indulgence and liking dimensions, which did not differ between groups. These were followed by two other motives introduced in this study: energy/physical activity and satiety, in which the exercisers showed a distinctively higher level of interest than the nonexercisers. Chocolate and a low calorie content were the outstanding drivers of interest, at similar levels for both groups. A high protein content claim increased the interest of all participants, but more so for exercisers and for men. Fruit had a low impact on interest, which was only significant for women. These results indicate that front‐of‐pack label information influences choice in a distinctive way for some targeted population groups. Practical Application This study contributes knowledge about the impact that front‐of‐pack label information about certain ingredients and the energy content has on the motives and drivers for snack choices and perceptions of healthiness. The results contribute interesting results on the behavior of some consumer segments, in particular, exercisers and people involved in fitness activities, who are supposed to have special dietary needs.

Introduction: Asbestos have been used in a broad variety of industrial products, including clutch discs of the transmission system of vehicles. Studies conducted in high-income countries that have analyzed personal asbestos exposures of transmission mechanics have concluded that these workers are exposed to asbestos concentrations in compliance with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S. OSHA) occupational standards.

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Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder in adult patients, but it is rare in pediatric patients. It is usually diagnosed when patients present with symptomatic hypercalcemia or known complications. In children, atypical presentation often results in delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity. We report a 10-year-old boy presenting with abdominal pain and emesis, found to have hypercalcemia and, ultimately, PHPT. His genetic evaluation was notable for a mutation in the RET gene (3.2C>A) of unknown clinical significance. Case presentation: A 10-year-old male with a history of constipation presented to the emergency department with five days of abdominal pain and emesis. Initial workup revealed high serum calcium (Ca) of 17.3 mg/dL (8.7-10.7) and ionized Ca (ICal) of 2.01 mmol/L (0.95-1.32). Further evaluations revealed low phosphorus level 3.5 mg/dL (4.5-6.5) and high parathyroid hormone level (iPTH) of 329.2 pg/mL (8.0-85.0). These findings were consistent with PHPT. Neck US demonstrated a cervical mass in the mid-right thyroid measuring 0.5 x0.3 x0.5cm, questionable for parathyroid adenoma, which was confirmed with 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and neck CT. His Ca level initially responded to fluid resuscitation and Lasix, with Ca level decreasing to 13.6. However, on hospital day two, his Ca level became refractory to all interventions, rising to 16 and prompting the use of bisphosphonates. The patient underwent neck exploration with partial parathyroidectomy and lymph node excision. Pathology revealed hypercellular parathyroid tissue consistent with parathyroid hyperplasia. Intraoperatively iPTH was reduced from 3,134.7 to 79.8 and remained within normal limits since. Postoperatively course was uncomplicated, and the patient was discharged home on oral Ca carbonate and vitamin D. A genetic evaluation was remarkable for a change in the RET gene (3.2C>A), a finding of unknown clinical significance. This change has not been seen in association with an individual who fulfills the clinical diagnosis of MEN2A. To further determine if the variant identified in the RET gene is a benign variant, the mother was tested for MEN2A and was negative. Father could not be tested, but family history was significant for thyroid malignancies. The patient is currently doing well four months postoperatively. His Ca level remains normal. Due to the genetic finding and the concern of MEN2A syndrome, the patient is followed closely by pediatric endocrinology and genetics. Conclusion: PHPT is a common endocrine disorder in adults but rare in children. The diagnosis of pediatric PHPT is almost always delayed due to atypical presentation and rarity of the disease. As secondary organ damage is common, a multi-organ assessment is mandatory. Due to the association with other syndromes, a genetic evaluation should be performed.

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