The article analyzes the organismal status that determines the adaptive potential of newborn calves to the conditions of technogenic anthropobiocenosis. A complex of zootechnical, clinical, hematological, morphological and statistical methods of research was used. Structural and functional changes in the fetal parts of the placentas of cows arise as a result of the aggressive impact on the mother's body of modern ecosystem conditions and determine the peculiarities of the body status of newborn calves. Determining the adaptive capabilities of one-day-old calves, including the morphology of their fetal part of the placenta, is of great importance not only for correcting the technology of growing and feeding, but also for carrying out preventive measures against infectious diseases. To create a healthy dairy herd of cows with a high degree of realization of the genetic capacities of productivity, we recommend using the developed criteria for assessing the body status of newborn calves. Keywords. Аdaptive potential, newborn calves, anthropobiocenosis, organismic status, fetal parts of the placenta.
It was found that under conditions of hyperthermia, morphofunctional changes develop in the interrenal part of the adrenal glands, indicating an increase in the functional activity of the gland. The study of ducks on the 5th day of hyperthermia revealed loosening and thickening of the adrenal gland capsule compared to the control. Significant hemodynamic disorders were noted: the phenomena of stasis and erythrocyte sludge in sharply expanded blood capillaries of the adrenal glands. It was found that on the 10th day of hyperthermia, hemodynamic disorders are progressive: the phenomena of sludge and red blood cell stasis are less pronounced, but parenchymal edema and a sharp expansion of sinusoid capillaries persist. Changes in interrenal cells (their high prismatic shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apical granularity) are also determined to characterize the high secretory activity of endocrinocytes. The found changes indicate the development of a stress reaction.
The state of the protein, carbohydrate-lipid and mineral metabolism, as well as the functional state of parenchymal organs using the drug Introvit-EC-100 Oral and ascorbic acid to correct hyperthermia in ducks are under the study. It was established that in all the studied groups there was a high content of total protein, due to dehydration and loss of the liquid component of the blood during hyperthermia. Ducks of the experimental groups showed a significant decrease in total protein level, β-globulins, an increase of albumin, a stable level of α- and γ-globulins was more pronounced in the first group. In ducks of the control group, no significant changes in the level of total protein and fractions, with the exception of α- and β-globulins, were found. During the experiment, there was a tendency of reduction of the creatinine content in the blood serum of ducks of both experimental groups, against the background of a consistently high level in ducks of the control group. Thus, the drug Introvit-EC-100 Oral, when used daily for 30 days at a prophylactic dose, has a significant effect on restoring the level of total serum protein, uric acid, creatinine, and the protein fraction ratio.
The article analyzes the postembryonic organogenesis of the ovaries of Texas quail when using biologically active substances. A set of morphological techniques is used. It was found that the use of probiotic in combination with succinic acid to Texas quail at the age of 5-45 days caused intensive growth and development of their ovaries. Probiotic preparation "Sporovit" and succinic acid do not cause pathological changes in the micromorphological structure of the reproduction organs of quails.
Investigated the histological features of the structure of hepar of one-day-old lambs (ODL) using a complex of morphological techniques. It was found that hepar in ODL is formed by stroma and parenchyma. The stromal elements of the organ are formed by loose lugs of hematopoietic connective tissue, which in turn forms a capsule (2.80-7.23 microns thick), as well as the septa of the lobules, which include the hepar triads and paravasal tissue of efferent blood vessels. As a result of the studies, the prevalence of the stroma in the hematopoietic foci around large afferent blood vessels, especially in the hepar hilus, was revealed. The hepar parenchyma in ODL has structural incompleteness. It is formed by hepar cells and numerous resinusoidal cells located in the subcapsular, peripheral, central zones in the lobus hepatis. Hepar cells located in the subcapsular zone (SZ) have a more optically cleared (OC) cytoplasm, and the practically cleared cytoplasm of the hepatocyte diameter (HD) decreases towards the central zone (CZ). In the hepar parenchyma of the ODL, hematopoiesis foci (HF) are established in each of the lobes, which tend to decrease from the periphery to the center of the lobes. Hemopoetic cells (HC) are located between hepatocytes, densely layering on top of each other, and there are also cells located sparsely between the liver cells (LC). The number of hepatocytes per 1 mm2 of the area of the histological specimen in the left lobe (LL) of the ODL reaches the highest value 5983.79 ± 90.40, in the right lobe (RL) of the liver it is 5358.80 ± 646.60, while in the middle it has a minimum value and reaches 5133.10 ± 205.75.
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