JSC "Russian Railways" is one of the world's largest companies in the railway market. It ensures the safety and accessibility of transport in Russia, reduces the transport load on its economy. JSC "Russian Railways" is a company founded by the Russian Federation. In the conditions of the global financial crisis and limited budget resources, the search for ways to reduce the costs of its operation comes to the forefront. In the supply, there is a significant potential for increasing the efficiency of any company's activity by saving on purchases in the case of choosing a key supplier that meets all customer's criteria. In turn, the growing relevance in modern conditions is acquired by strategically supplier-oriented management in the process of meeting the needs and requirements of companies. In this regard, the article substantiates the need for strategically supplier-oriented management of commodity and material values in supply chains, systematizes supplier management strategies. The experience of procurement and selection of suppliers of goods, works and services for the needs of JSC "Russian Railways" was studied, a methodology was proposed for ranking criteria for the selection of products and suppliers in order of the decreasing significance value, allowing to expand the method of rating the existing and potential sources of supply.
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Railway transport is of special strategic importance for Russia. The unconditional leader of both the domestic and the world rail transport market is JSC "Russian Railways" with a charter capital of 2212238.7 million rubles. Given the technical characteristics of the company, it is worth noting that the operational length of railways of JSC "Russian Railways" is 85.5 thousand km; the number of freight cars of all types -196,300, freight trunk locomotives -11,8 thousand, passenger locomotives -3,1 thousand, passenger carriages of long-distance -21 thousand. JSC "Russian Railways" -being a participant in the supply chain needs to find sources for enhancing efficiency of its activities. In this regard, the objective of this study is to determine the sources of the company's performance in the process of its interaction with suppliers of material and technical resources, on the one hand, and consumers of services, on the other. For this purpose, the research work analyzes the main indicators of commercial activity of JSC "Russian Railway"; reveals trends and prospects for the company's development. To improve the management of suppliers of material and technical resources for the needs of JSC "Russian Railways", the company's strategic goals, activities for their achievement and key indicators of supply efficiency are defined. As part of improving the quality and accessibility of rail transport services the overall level of satisfaction of cargo owners with the quality of railway transport services was carried out.
The article explores stuttering in people of different age and its specific manifestation in different age groups. Stuttering has a complex psychological structure, which includes disturbance of speech fluency and personality disorders. Hence, stuttering (logoneurosis) may help to analyse a number of verbal practices. Understanding stuttering as an extreme form of impaired speech communication requires a comprehensive approach to its diagnostics and treatment. The article discusses the results of a 2018-2020 psychological and neuropsychological assessment of participants in a family group logopsychotherapy sessions in three different age groups. The family group logopsychotherapy included four major phases: diagnostics, the "recovery from stuttering" session, active group work phase and supporting work phase. The sessions involved parents and relatives of stuttering people in the entire multidimensional process of social rehabilitation. This had a positive impact on speech communication and the results of the therapy. The analysis of speech and personality changes in 29 stutterers aged 9-32 revealed significant changes in the functions of praxis, memory and speech after the course of family group speech therapy. Psychological analysis using standardized questionnaires, observation and projective methods have shown a significant improvement in the parameters of rigidity and self-assessment of the participants' emotional state. The study also revealed a number of differences between the participants of different groups, which is related to the composition and format of work in different years. In particular, in 2020, at the active stages of social rehabilitation, the group work shifted to the online conferencing platform Zoom.
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