Relevance. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most complex metabolic chronic diseases. Severe forms of type I diabetes mellitus are more common in children and adolescents, and its prevalence is increasing in many countries. Type I diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents remains an essential health issue in many countries despite the achieved scientific and practical results and progress in diabetology. Therefore, its early detection in children is still relevant and is associated with the early diagnosis of endocrinolog ical pathologies.Materials and methods. The study searched the publications in PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), Medline (www.elibrary.ru, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) by the specific keywords.Results. In children with diabetes mellitus, vascular changes in periodontal tissues appear earlier than in other organs. On oral examination of children with diabetes mellitus, 50% of cases reveal periodontal lesions, and the lesions are often in the areas of the lower molars. If not treated, the following perio-dontitis signs are present in diabetic children: bleeding of the gingival papillae and the bright red colour of the gingival margin. There may be bulging of granulations from pathological gingival pockets. In most patients with type I diabetes mellitus, cytology of the periodontal pockets and gingival sulci demonstrated inflammatory cytologic responses, changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, and mixed bacterial microflora with leukocytes and erythrocytes.Conclusion. The study of type I diabetes mellitus impact on pathological changes in the oral cavity of children and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures is a relevant issue in pediatric dentistry, which justifies the need to continue research in this area.
АннотацияПредмет. Пошаговое описание реконструктивной хейлопластики у детей с односторонними ращелинами верхней губы. Цель. Описать принципы реконструктивной хейлопластики при односторонней расщелине верхней губы для улуч-шения качества эстетических и функциональных параметров лица у детей.Методология. За последние 8 лет проведено 515 хейлопластик детям с односторонними ращелинами верхней губы. Средний возраст составил 3,7 месяца (мальчиков -61 %, девочек -39), средний вес пациента -6,3 кг. Операцию про-водили, опираясь на 8 принципов, необходимых для реконструкции односторонних расщелин верхней губы: установка симметричного и пропорционального лука Купидона; создание полного срединного бугорка и адекватной высоты сухой слизистой красной каймы; создание колонки фильтрума, аналогичной форме и высоте колонки фильтрума на здоровой стороне; создание нормальной, без рубцевания колюмеллы и установка симметричного коллюмелярно-лябиального соединения; переориентировка и восстановление непрерывности круговой мышцы рта; создание адекватной губной борозды; корректировка деформации крыла носа на стороне расщелины; ушивание кожи атравматично, не линейно.Результаты. При односторонних расщелинах губы лук Купидона смещается вверх, с укорочением губы на стороне расщелины, круговая мышца вплетается в основание крыла носа на стороне расщелины, характерны короткая колюмелла с ее девиацией и недоразвитием, уплощение крыльного хряща и смещение крыла носа в нижнелатеральном направлении, а также девиация каудальной части перегородки в здоровую сторону. С помощью нашей методики мы достигли более хорошего и стойкого эстетического и функционального результата.Выводы. На сегодняшний день существует множество методик и их модификаций реконструктивных операций при врожденных расщелинах губы. Хирургическое лечение зависит от множества деталей, которые имеются в каждом периоде: предоперационном, интраоперационном и послеоперационном. Используемая нами техника содержит в себе базовые кон-цепции от каждого ранее описанного метода, результатом ее применения является создание стойкой симметрии губы и нос. Ключевые слова: расщелина верхней губы, хейлопластика, хирургия губыАвторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. The authors declare no conflict of interest. dentistry, 2018. Vol. 14, № 1, pp. 99-105 © Hrichanyuk D. A. and oth. 2018 DOI: 10.24411/2077-7566-2018 100 100 Стоматология детского возраста и ортодонтия Pediatric Dentistry and orthodontics -105 -105Проблемы стоматологии 2018, т. 14, № 1, стр. © 2018, Екатеринбург, УГМУ Стоматология детского возраста и ортодонтия Pediatric Dentistry and orthodontics 100 ВведениеВрожденные расщелины лица являются тяжелым пороком развития, они сопровождаются выражен-ными структурными и функциональными нару-шениями. Степень выраженности косметического дефекта зависит от множества факторов и их нега-тивного влияния на плод в разные сроки эмбрио-генеза. Улучшение качества жизни ребенка и его социальная адаптация в семье и обществе зависят от своевременного, полноценного и квалифициро-ванного оказа...
Subject. Dental examination and identification of the features of the dental status of children with congenital cleft lip and palate, born and living in the region with industrial ecotoxicants. Objectives. To study the dental morbidity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate living in a region with industrial ecotoxicants, compare the data with a group of children with congenital cleft lip and palate from an ecologically safe region. Methods. The article presents the results of a dental examination of 195 children with congenital cleft lip and palate, including 108 children aged 3 years, 87 children aged 6 years. Children were divided into two groups depending on the place of birth and residence: 113 children were born and lived in regions with a developed petrochemical industry, 82 children from relatively ecologically safe regions. In the examined children, the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, malformations of hard dental tissues, periodontal diseases, dentoalveolar anomalies, and the hygienic state of the oral cavity were assessed. To determine the intensity of dental caries in children of 3 years old, the index "KPU" was used, in children of 6 years old - the index "KPU+kp". The hygienic state of the oral cavity was assessed by the Fedorov-Volodkina index (1968), the periodontal condition in children of 6 years old was assessed by the KPI index (Leus P.A., 1988). Results. Our data indicate that children from regions with the petrochemical industry have higher rates of dental caries intensity in the age groups of 3 and 6 years, there is a decrease in the resistance of the tooth enamel, and periodontal diseases are more common. Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to obtain clinical and dental data characterizing the negative impact of industrial petrochemical ecotoxicants on the condition of the dentition in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, which is the rationale for the development of methods for optimizing and increasing the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic measures in this group of patients.
Study of the determination of the polymorphic variants -1298A> C and -677C> T of the gene of methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) in predicting the congenital pathology of the maxillofacial area. Objectives. To study the role of polymorphisms -1298A> C and -677C> T of the MTHFR folate cycle gene in the formation in patients with congenital pathology of the maxillofacial area. Methods. We analyzed the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles according to polymorphism 1298 A> C of the MTHFR gene. We also analyzed the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles according to polymorphism 677C> T of the MTHFR gene in a group of patients (n = 37) with congenital pathology of the maxillofacial area and control group (n = 46). Results. Genetic marker of the disease congenital pathology of the maxillofacial area is the genotype of the SS polymorphic locus 1298 A> C of the MTHFR gene. Its frequency was 13.6% against 2% in the control. In the calculation of odds ratios index following values were obtained: OR-7,32; CI95% -1.51-48.51. The results confirm the predictive value of a mutant CC genotype -1298A>C MTHFR gene as a risk of congenital disease pathology maxillofacial area. There was no statistically significant differences between patients and the control group for the distribution of frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the locus 677 C> T of the MTHFR gene. Conclusions. Genetic marker of congenital pathology of the maxillofacial area is the genotype of the SS polymorphic locus 1298 A> C of the MTHFR gene. The obtained data can be used, to predict a congenital pathology of the maxillofacial area with the purpose of treatment and prevention.
Thing. Studying the frequency of birth of children with congenital malformations in a city with a petrochemical industry. The goal is to identify the effect of industrial emissions from enterprises in Ufa on the frequency of birth of children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Methodology. In the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital from 1985 to 2019, the medical documentation of children born in the city with a petrochemical industry with a cleft lip and palate was studied. Results. In industrial areas of Ufa, the average rate of birth of children with clefts is 3.65 ± 0.31 (Kalininsky) and 2.34 ± 0.29 (Ordzhonikidzevsky). According to our studies, it was found that in the industrial zone, the frequency of birth of children with congenital facial pathology is significantly higher than in environmentally safe areas, and ranges from 1: 282 (3.5) in the Kalinin industrial northern region to 1:859 (1.1) in the southernmost, ecologically safe Demsky district (p<0.01). On the whole, in Ufa, the average rates of the birth rate of children with congenital cleft lip and palate were 1:454 (2.204 ± 0.11). Conclusions. The correlation between the value of gross emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air and the frequency of congenital cleft lip and palate in the zone with emissions of 135,114―180,120 tons per year, then in the zone with the amount of emissions of 20,000―135,114 tons per year, and the frequency in the zone with emissions of 11,000 is less ― 20,000 tons per year. The average birth rates for children with ARVH in the cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan were per 1000 children born: in cities with NHP ― 2.44; in cities without NHP ― 1.13. The frequency of birth of children with ADV in cities with NHP is more than 2 times higher than the frequency of birth of children with ADV in cities without NHP (p <0.001).
Introduction. Gestosis (late toxicosis of pregnant women) — pathological conditions of the second half of pregnancy, characterized by a triad of main symptoms: edema (hidden and visible), proteinuria, hypertension. In the third trimester, during physiological pregnancy of women and, especially when it is complicated by gestosis, there is a decrease in salivation, an increase in the viscosity and acidity of the oral fluid, which significantly increases the severity of the course of inflammatory periodontal diseases. We have developed a method for local treatment and prevention of gingivitis in women with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia using a chewing phyto-substrate. Purpose: to assess changes in the physicochemical and biochemical parameters of the oral fluid during the local treatment of gingivitis using a chewing phyto-substrate in pregnant women with gestosis. Materials and methods: the examination of pregnant women was carried out in cooperation with obstetricians-gynecologists at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2 at the City Clinical Hospital No. 8, Ufa. Physicochemical (salivation rate, kinematic viscosity, pH) and biochemical parameters (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein) of the oral fluid were determined before and after complex treatment of gingivitis with the inclusion of a chewing phyto-substrate in pregnant women with gestosis. Conclusion: in the third trimester during physiological pregnancy and, especially when it is complicated by gestosis, there is a decrease in salivation, an increase in the viscosity and acidity of the oral fluid. The use of chewing phytosubstrate plates in complex treatment, containing 0.1 g of dry extract of the collection (oak bark, licorice alder, birch buds, chamomile flowers, thyme herb) and 1.0 g of beeswax, increases the rate of salivation by 1.5 times, reduces the viscosity of the oral fluid by 1.3 times and its acidity, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method of local treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
We have carried out the rehabilitation of a patient after a traumatic injury to the maxillofacial region resulting from the explosion of an electronic cigarette. The patient was treated in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa. A 16-year-old boy was delivered by an ambulance to the emergency department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa 30 minutes after the injury. The child was hospitalized in the department of maxillofacial surgery. At stage I, primary surgical treatment was performed, reposition of the free-lying fragment of the upper jaw in the frontal section and fixation of the mucosa of the alveolar process of the upper jaw in the region of 1.3 and 2.4 teeth with vicryl 2.0. The mucosa was mobilized along the transitional fold of the upper jaw in the anterior region, placed in the region of the defect in the upper jaw, and sutured with a 5-0 Vicryl thread. After 6 months, the patient enters the II stage of surgical treatment. The cortical plates were placed in the area of the defect and fixed with titanium screws. After another 6 months, the child enters the III stage of surgical treatment - the removal of titanium screws, the installation of dental implants. Stage IV. Installation of temporary crowns of teeth. As a result of smoking a vape, a teenager received severe traumatic stress. Stage IV of complex surgical treatment was carried out. There are stages of implant prosthetics, which is quite expensive for the patient, since this treatment is not included in the List of State Guarantees. Undoubtedly, vape smoking is a very cost-effective procedure, and very harmful to health in general.
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