Subject of our research is dental examination and identification of the features of the dental status in women with pregnancy complicated by gestosis. There is no doubt that pregnancy is a critical period for woman’s dental health. Objectives. Determine the dental status in women with pregnancy complicated by gestosis. Methods. As part of the study of the dental status of women with pregnancy complicated by gestosis, we conducted a clinical examination of the oral cavity in 127 women. The depth of the vestibule, the level of attachment of the bridles, the state of the bite, the indices of the KPU, IK, PMA, IZN were determined. Results. Our data indicate that the complication of the course of the third trimester of pregnancy with gestosis in women is accompanied by a deterioration in periodontal status, oral hygiene, and a 100% prevalence of gingivitis. Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to obtain clinical and dental data characterizing the effect of pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia in women in the third trimester on the course of gingivitis, which is the basis for the development of methods for optimizing and increasing the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic measures in this group of patients.
Relevance. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most complex metabolic chronic diseases. Severe forms of type I diabetes mellitus are more common in children and adolescents, and its prevalence is increasing in many countries. Type I diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents remains an essential health issue in many countries despite the achieved scientific and practical results and progress in diabetology. Therefore, its early detection in children is still relevant and is associated with the early diagnosis of endocrinolog ical pathologies.Materials and methods. The study searched the publications in PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), Medline (www.elibrary.ru, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) by the specific keywords.Results. In children with diabetes mellitus, vascular changes in periodontal tissues appear earlier than in other organs. On oral examination of children with diabetes mellitus, 50% of cases reveal periodontal lesions, and the lesions are often in the areas of the lower molars. If not treated, the following perio-dontitis signs are present in diabetic children: bleeding of the gingival papillae and the bright red colour of the gingival margin. There may be bulging of granulations from pathological gingival pockets. In most patients with type I diabetes mellitus, cytology of the periodontal pockets and gingival sulci demonstrated inflammatory cytologic responses, changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, and mixed bacterial microflora with leukocytes and erythrocytes.Conclusion. The study of type I diabetes mellitus impact on pathological changes in the oral cavity of children and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures is a relevant issue in pediatric dentistry, which justifies the need to continue research in this area.
Subject. Dental examination and identification of the features of the dental status of children with congenital cleft lip and palate, born and living in the region with industrial ecotoxicants. Objectives. To study the dental morbidity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate living in a region with industrial ecotoxicants, compare the data with a group of children with congenital cleft lip and palate from an ecologically safe region. Methods. The article presents the results of a dental examination of 195 children with congenital cleft lip and palate, including 108 children aged 3 years, 87 children aged 6 years. Children were divided into two groups depending on the place of birth and residence: 113 children were born and lived in regions with a developed petrochemical industry, 82 children from relatively ecologically safe regions. In the examined children, the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, malformations of hard dental tissues, periodontal diseases, dentoalveolar anomalies, and the hygienic state of the oral cavity were assessed. To determine the intensity of dental caries in children of 3 years old, the index "KPU" was used, in children of 6 years old - the index "KPU+kp". The hygienic state of the oral cavity was assessed by the Fedorov-Volodkina index (1968), the periodontal condition in children of 6 years old was assessed by the KPI index (Leus P.A., 1988). Results. Our data indicate that children from regions with the petrochemical industry have higher rates of dental caries intensity in the age groups of 3 and 6 years, there is a decrease in the resistance of the tooth enamel, and periodontal diseases are more common. Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to obtain clinical and dental data characterizing the negative impact of industrial petrochemical ecotoxicants on the condition of the dentition in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, which is the rationale for the development of methods for optimizing and increasing the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic measures in this group of patients.
Introduction. Gestosis (late toxicosis of pregnant women) — pathological conditions of the second half of pregnancy, characterized by a triad of main symptoms: edema (hidden and visible), proteinuria, hypertension. In the third trimester, during physiological pregnancy of women and, especially when it is complicated by gestosis, there is a decrease in salivation, an increase in the viscosity and acidity of the oral fluid, which significantly increases the severity of the course of inflammatory periodontal diseases. We have developed a method for local treatment and prevention of gingivitis in women with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia using a chewing phyto-substrate. Purpose: to assess changes in the physicochemical and biochemical parameters of the oral fluid during the local treatment of gingivitis using a chewing phyto-substrate in pregnant women with gestosis. Materials and methods: the examination of pregnant women was carried out in cooperation with obstetricians-gynecologists at the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2 at the City Clinical Hospital No. 8, Ufa. Physicochemical (salivation rate, kinematic viscosity, pH) and biochemical parameters (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, protein) of the oral fluid were determined before and after complex treatment of gingivitis with the inclusion of a chewing phyto-substrate in pregnant women with gestosis. Conclusion: in the third trimester during physiological pregnancy and, especially when it is complicated by gestosis, there is a decrease in salivation, an increase in the viscosity and acidity of the oral fluid. The use of chewing phytosubstrate plates in complex treatment, containing 0.1 g of dry extract of the collection (oak bark, licorice alder, birch buds, chamomile flowers, thyme herb) and 1.0 g of beeswax, increases the rate of salivation by 1.5 times, reduces the viscosity of the oral fluid by 1.3 times and its acidity, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method of local treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
The article is devoted to the study of the state of periodontal tissues in children with congenital cleft palate and defects remaining after uranoplasty. Objectives. To determine the characteristics of the state of periodontal tissues in children with defects remaining after uranoplasty in congenital cleft palate and to compare the obtained clinical data with a group of apparently healthy children. Methodology. The article presents the results of a clinical dental examination of 109 children aged 6-12 years with congenital cleft palate after uranoplasty and residual defects. In the examined children, the hygienic state of the oral cavity was assessed, the severity of gingivitis and the condition of the periodontal tissues were determined. The hygienic state of the oral cavity was assessed by the Fedorov-Volodkina index (1964), the Green-Vermillion IGR-U (C. Green, JR Vermillion, OHI-S), the periodontal condition using the complex periodontal index KPI (Leus P.A., 1988) and papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA, C. Parma, 1960). Results. In children with remaining postoperative defects with severe congenital cleft palate, the level of hygiene is more often characterized as "poor" and "unsatisfactory" than in healthy children; the highest incidence of periodontal diseases in childhood was revealed. In most cases, children with postoperative palate defects were found to have mild and moderate severity of gingivitis according to the PMA index. Conclusions. The results of the study made it possible to obtain clinical and dental data on periodontal diseases in children with congenital cleft palate and defects remaining after uranoplasty. To prepare a patient for a reconstructive plastic surgery to eliminate the remaining palate defect, it is necessary to introduce a set of measures to treat periodontal diseases and improve the health of the oral cavity into the rehabilitation algorithm for children with congenital cleft palate.
Monitoring of congenital malformations and concomitant somatic diseases in children is one of the important indicators of the causal influence of environmental factors on the health of the population. From the moment of birth, a child with congenital cleft lip and palate differs significantly from healthy peers not only externally, but also morpho-functional features of the structure of the primary section of the digestive and respiratory systems and often has a greater number of previous diseases in the history. Purpose: To determine the structure and frequency of somatic morbidity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate in regions with petrochemical ecotoxicants. Materials and methods: During the study, 3463 children from birth to 16 years old with congenital cleft lip were treated and monitored at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Ufa for the period from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 2019 and / or sky. The diagnosis of concomitant systemic pathology was recorded based on the findings of the district pediatricians, ENT doctor, gastroenterologist, immunologist, allergist, rheumatologist from outpatient and inpatient records of the examined patients. Conclusion. In the course of our study, a direct relationship was noted between the level of environmental pollution by ecotoxicants and the frequency of concomitant somatic diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and palate. This must be taken into account in the pre- and postoperative algorithm for the rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and palate with the involvement of pediatricians to improve the general somatic state of children when planning reconstructive surgery.
Subject. Pediatricians play an important role in the foundation of a healthy lifestyle of children and their parents. The subject matter is the pediatric faculty students dental diseases prevention awareness level, since children, adolescents and their parents health education is one of important aspects of their future professional activities. Purpose ― study of major dental diseases prevention knowledge level of the pediatric faculty students. Methodology. A survey of 141 5th year students of the pediatric faculty was conducted, including 120 (85.1 %) girls and 21 (14.9 %) men. The students were offered to answer 35 questions regarding eating habits, the causes of tooth decay, the rules of tooth brushing, oral hygiene products, the reasons for visiting a dentist, medical activity of students. Results. The analysis of questionnaires showed that 82.3 % (116) of students under survey follow the oral care regular rules. The survey also showed that the students do not know all the technique rules of tooth brushing. The analysis of the pediatric faculty students’ opinion of their knowledge level of the reasons for tooth diseases and periodontal tissues showed that 25.5 % of respondents know enough: 63.8 % want to know more; 10.6 % said they do not know enough. Regarding the medical activity 29.1 % of the respondents answered that they regularly visit the dentist 2 or more times a year, 46.1 % ― once a year, 12.7 % ― every 2-3 years, 11.3 % ― when they have a tooth ache. 31.9 % of respondents correctly listed the methods to prevent dental caries. Conclusion. The pediatric faculty students have an insufficient level of knowledge of the reasons for dental diseases and their prevention methods. The results of the survey indicate the necessity of a correct understanding of the importance of this problem by the pediatric faculty students.
Objective. To evaluate the incidence of somatic diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and palate residing in regions with industrial pollution. Patients and methods. We analyzed medical records of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa made between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2019. A total of 3.463 children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate aged 0 to 16 years were treated and followed-up during this period. Results. We found that 2017 children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate (58.24%) were born and resided in areas with welldeveloped petrochemical industry, whereas 1446 children (41.76%) were born and resided in the areas without petrochemical pollution. Clinical analysis of the health status of children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate living in the areas with petrochemical pollution demonstrated high incidence of respiratory tract diseases and acute respiratory viral infections. Conclusion. We observed a positive correlation between the level of environmental pollution and incidence of concomitant somatic diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate. This should be considered in pre- and postoperative rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate with the involvement of pediatricians. Key words: congenital cleft lip and palate, industrial pollutants, concomitant diseases, preoperative preparation
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