The purpose of this work is to support the transitoriented development (TOD) in Thailand. The main research objective is to explore the relationship between ridership demand and TOD indicators, which is expected to be the first question that a developer in Thailand must be able to answer in order to direct their development plan in the right direction. Using existing Bangkok metro stations as a case study, 22 variables categorized into three groups (density, diversity, and design) were collected for an 800-m buffer area around the stations. Results of the correlation analysis between transit ridership and other variables show a significant relation with the volume of transit ridership. Bus services have a stronger influence on transit ridership than railway stations and ferries (pier). Also, the interchange stations and park-and-ride buildings are found to be the main variables that correlate directly with the transit ridership numbers. Results from the principal component analysis are used to evaluate factors of TOD characteristics for the existing Bangkok metro stations, categorized into seven factor groups.
Many studies and planning projects related to Thailand metro system is now highly concentrating on the improvements of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and the feeder system to ensure smooth transferring for users traveling from their origins to destinations. Leaving off policies related measures, improvements that could immediately focus in order to enhance the smooth transfer services are infrastructure and land-use developments. This study evaluates relationships of accessibility variables, focused on service design and land-usages, and demand of metro ridership. The objective is to improve the understanding of what types of expanding infrastructures or land deployments that could help to support the metro system and encouraging more transit ridership. The existing Bangkok metro stations are the case study area for this research. Gathered data are transport services, roadway infrastructures, and land use. These data are available in the Geographic Information System format and ready to extract as testing variables at each station. Relationship between the number of transit ridership and variables form transport services, network connectivities, and land use are explore based on the correlation analysis. Results from the study found that the number of bus lines, bus stops, and railway stations are associated with the transit ridership, while there is no relationship between ridership demands and ferry services. Further for land-use perspective, the commercial, industrial, and mixed-used area have a significant influence on the ridership demand while there is no signal from the Residential area.
This study focuses on the future changes to the urban form around the Salaya railway station, which will be developed as a terminal station of the Bangkok metro service. The purpose is to investigate stakeholder attitudes to the transit-oriented development (TOD) approach to the station premises. The attitudes of local businesses and key stakeholders to joint programs on infrastructure development and the surrounding area are identified as local businesses encouraging the collaborative urban regeneration program. The approach uses scenarios as a tool for participatory planning to help identify future applications, including a workshop in two parts. The first part was conducted using group interviews with local entrepreneurs to raise the idea of the collaborative urban regeneration program. The second part was an evaluation of the program by the three key stakeholder groups: municipality, railway operators, and real estate investors. The scenarios evaluated by the key stakeholders indicate the different attitudes to the collaborative urban regeneration program depending on the role of each stakeholder. The collaborative program developed by local entrepreneurs can be classified by economic and physical factors. The findings suggest a common aspect for future collaboration in marketing strategies, such as advertising representing localness, as both local entrepreneurs and key stakeholders mostly agreed on the program. Disagreement on collaborative urban regeneration depends more on the specific role of the company or organization.
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