Conversion of two type of solid waste to silica–alumina structure that was promoted to a novel photocatalyst for water treatment.

Nanocomposite polyurethane (PU)-organoclay materials have been synthesized via in-situ polymerization. The organoclay is first prepared by intercalation of tyramine into montmorillonite (MMT)-clay through ion exchange process. The syntheses of polyurethane-organoclay hybrid films containing different ratios of clay were carried out by swelling the organoclay into diol and diamine followed by addition of diisocyanate and then cured. The nanocomposites with dispersed and exfoliated structure of MMT were obtained as evidenced by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction showed that there is no peak corresponding to d 001 spacing in organoclay with the ratios up to 20 wt%. SEM images confirmed the dispersion of nanometer silicate layers in the polyurethane matrix. Also, it was found that the presence of organoclay leads to improvement in the mechanical properties. The tensile strength was increased with increasing the organoclay contents to 20 wt% by 221% in comparision to the PU with 0% organoclay. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:108 -115, 2007. POLYMER COMPOSITES-2007 FIG. 4. (a) SEM micrograph for PU-organoclay nanocomposite II b . (b) Elemental mapping for Si of PU-organoclay nanocomposite II b . FIG. 5. (a) SEM micrograph for PU-organoclay nanocomposite II d . (b) Elemental mapping for Si of PU-organoclay nanocomposite II d .

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New nanocomposite materials based on polyurethane intercalated into organoclay layers have been synthesized via in situ polymerization. The syntheses of polyurethane-organoclay hybrid films were carried out by swelling the organoclay [12-aminododecanoic acid montmorillonite] into different kinds of diols followed by addition of diisocyanate then casting in a film. The homogeneous dispersion of MMT in the polymer matrix is evidenced by scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction, which showed the disappearance of the peak characteristic to d 001 spacing. It was found that the presence of organoclay has improved the thermal, solvent resistance and mechanical properties. Also, the tensile strength is increased with increasing the organoclay contents to 20% by the ratio 182% related to the PU with 0% organoclay. On the contrary, the elongation has decreased with increasing the organoclay contents.