Purpose A series of six lung cancer cell lines of different cell origin (including small cell and mesothelioma) were characterized immunohistochemically and the role of a series of protein candidates previously implicated in drug resistance investigated. Methods These include colony-forming and cell growth assays, immunohistochemistry, siRNA knockouts, Real Time PCR, and Western blots. Results No correlation was found with AKT, HO-1, HO-2, GRP78, 14-3-3zeta and ERCC1 levels and cisplatin nor oxaliplatin cytotoxicity but an association was observed with levels of the enzyme, dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DDH); an enzyme previously implicated in the development of platinum resistance. The relationship appeared to hold true for those cell lines derived from lung epithelial primary tumors but not for the neuroendocrine/small cell and mesothelioma cell lines. siRNA knockouts to DDH-1 and DDH-2 were prepared with the cell line exhibiting the greatest resistance to cisplatin (A549) resulting in marked decreases in the DDH isoforms as assessed by Real Time PCR, western blot and enzymatic activity. The DDH-1 knockout was far more sensitive to cisplatin than the DDH-2 knockout. Conclusion Thus, sensitivity to cisplatin appeared to be associated with DDH levels in epithelial lung cancer cell lines with the DDH-1 isoform producing the greatest effect. Results in keeping with transfection experiments with ovarian and other cell lines.

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Highlights This case report contributes to the growing pool of reports concerning human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oral cancers. There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding the malignant transformation of oral squamous cell papilloma (SCP). The authors present a unique case of virus-associated cancer highlighting its progress and implications. Immunocompromised patients and the elderly are at higher risk of malignancy and require closer observation.

Background: Rectum bleeding is a frequent general population problem. This may be a symptom of benign disease but also an indication of colorectal cancer. Most instances end spontaneously and self-limitingly. In 10% of patients, bleeding is continuous and immediate intervention is necessary. In another 5%, bleeding is intermittent and a diagnostic challenge may be necessary. Goal: This research assessed the rectal mucosa by means of a clinical examination and histopathologic assessment of individuals with bleeding per rectum to determine the proportion and the kind of pathology of the rectum caused by bleeding. Patients and procedures: A cross-sectional descriptive trial of 60 patients aged 18 years or older of both sexes who had complained of bleeding on rectum who visited university hospital Benha and the Benha Teaching Hospital's Department of General Chirurgy between December 2019 and June 2020 was performed. A research excluded patients with hemodynamic instability, acute bloody infectious diarrhoea, or any coagulopathy. After bowel preparation and results were recorded, each patient underwent fiberoptic colonoscopy. Specimens were also collected for histological evaluation, if required. Results: A total of 60 patients (32 males and 28 females) with an average age of 40.1 ± 5.5 years were enrolled. In the case study, the abdominal pains were 19 (31.6%), constipation 15 (25%), anal discomfort 24 (40%), and diarrhoea 11 (25%). (16.3 percent ). In 12 (20 percent) and abnormal results in 48 (80 percent) individuals, the colonoscopic test revealed normal rectal mucosa. Of the haemorrhoids, 17 (28.3 percent), 12 (20 percent) of Anal Fissure and 10 (16.6 percent), 8 (13.3 percent), 4 (6.6 percent) of Solitary Rectal Ulcer, 3 (5 percent), 3 (5 percent), 3(5 percent) of Fissure Hemorrhoids, 2 (3.3 percent) of Color Malignant, 1 (1) Polyp Hemorrhoids, 17 (29.25 percent) (1.6 percent). The most frequent findings of colonoscopic testing in our research were haemorrhoids. Conclusion: This research showed that bleeding via rectum in middle-aged men is frequent. Hemorrhoids are the most frequent cause of bleeding per rectum in our research. In the event of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, colonoscopy has been shown to be a useful diagnostic technique.

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