This study aims at applying ultrasound techniques with high frequency to treat wastewater. One application that was chosen here is to apply ultrasound wave on spent wastewater resulting from Jordanian oil shale retorting, which is known as retort water. The proposed process has shown an excellent ability on retort water treatment. At a fixed high ultrasound wave of 1.7 MHz, the spent wastewater evaporated in a mist form and was drawn out by shaft fans for condensation in a vessel immersed in ice. The only parameter studied here is the spent wastewater volume used to apply an ultrasound wave on it, while ultrasound wave frequency and the exposing time were fixed in all experimental works. Physical properties like pH for condensate were measured and found to be close to 7 compared to its original value which was 4. The measured conductivity for condensate has been reduced in a significant value compared to its original sample. The best condition for reduced conductivity was obtained at 35 ml of spent wastewater. At this volume, the ultrasound wave has the ability to decrease the conductivity to its lowest value. Spent wastewater samples before and after the ultrasound exposing period of time were analyzed using mass spectrometer, and all scanned heavy metals that have been identified to be existing in retort water are listed here.
An experimental work was performed to study one of the major problems encountered in industry (i.e., pitting corrosion), which cost the industrial world billions of dollars every year. Stainless Steel 304L sheets were used in the present study, the main reason for using stainless steel is their corrosion resistance and it is the most widely used in process industries, but that is not always trouble free. It suffers localized attack in specific environments, which can lead to catastrophic unexpected failures. Resistance to pitting corrosion can be greatly increased by a cold working process called shot peening and polishing. The main objective of shot peening is to induce compressive stresses on the metal surface to operate the tensile stresses that lead to cracking, while the objective of the polishing is to make the surface very smooth and soft and that may induce the compressive stresses on the metal surface and eliminate the microscopic scratches during manufacturing processes. Shot peening and polishing can prevent or retard pitting and cracking, leading to economic saving as a result of longer equipment life. The experimental work is conducted to evaluate the effect of polishing and shot peening in preventing the initiation of pitting corrosion and cracking on the 304L stainless steel under the nitric acid and NaCl environments. The results obtained showed that shot peening and polishing can be beneficial in decreasing the pitting corrosion on stainless steel 304L, also the results showed that using the high quality polishing proved to be the best inhibiter for Stainless steel corrosion
This paper presents the role of E-commerce and E-technology in simplifying operations of preparing quotations and contracts of supporting engineering and scientific laboratories by required equipments and tools at Jordanian universities. The experimental and practical sides of education in scientific colleges in Jordanian universities is very important, so many quotations and contacts are performed and required each year, and E-commerce also offers the required information and specifications to persons responsible to do such contacts by using Business-to-Consumer, Consumer-to-Consumer or Business-to-Business principles. By searching about such equipments using search engines, many companies present their products and their specifications and give you the opportunity to select the suitable devices and tools depending on their specifications and prices. Case studies are discussed for some devices to show how much E-commerce simplifies this operation. It was found that E-commerce and E-technology reduces both time and efforts required to support both engineering and scientific labs with their needs from equipments, catalogs and tools required to such devices.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.