Abstract. Pikulthong V, Bhirompan S, Dechkla M, Mokkapan K, Boonman N, Wanna C, Machana K, Phakpaknam S. 2022. Local herbs for pain relief in the area of Tumbon Khao Hin Son, Chachoengsao, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5012-5019. Local herbs have been used in Thailand for years. However, data collection on the use of local herbs in particular areas has not been thorough. This study aimed to survey local herbs treating pain relief in the area of Tumbon Khao Hin Son, Amphoe Phanom Sarakham, Chachoengsao, Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were used. Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample group. In the survey and study on botanical characteristics, from November 2019 - March 2020, 68 plants were identified and classified into 29 families. The local herbs which were mostly used for pain relief included 7 species from the Acanthaceae family, 6 types from Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and 5 types from Zingiberaceae. The leaves of herbaceous plants had the highest frequency of use. A remedy, Ko-Klan, was found and prepared using a boiling method that could relieve pain. The surveyed herbs were used to treat 4 main symptoms which were body pain, stomachache, headache, and toothache. It was found that 36 species of herbs, or a majority of them, were used to directly relieve the pain. The interviews showed that 27% of the respondents had some home-grown herbs which were used for cooking and basic illness treatment. The age of the respondents was relevant to the use of herbs. The findings in this study will be the foundation for local herb studies which support and are aware of Thai local wisdom and knowledge as guidance to alter herbs for pharmaceutical purposes in the future.
The objective of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities of Garcinia cowa Roxb., a Thai native plant that has a history of use in traditional medicine in several countries. To achieve this goal, different plant parts, such as the leaves, fruit rind, and stem bark, were subjected to extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol using the maceration method. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to quantify the extracts' total phenolic content (TPC). The antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, and antidiabetic properties through the alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capacities of different extracts from G. cowa were assessed. The results revealed that the stem bark extracted with ethyl acetate displayed the highest level of TPC at 153.68 mg GAE/100 g DW. Compared to the other extracts, the stem bark ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with values of 436.86, 359.17, and 526.98 µmol TE/100 g DW, respectively. Further examination of the antidiabetic effects of stem bark extract in ethyl acetate exhibited the highest alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 12.54, and 8.48 mg/mL, respectively. The findings of this research provide initial indications that G. cowa has both antioxidant and antidiabetic attributes and could be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for managing diabetes.
Abstract. Boonman N, Wanna C, Chutrtong J, Chotpantarat S, Boonsilp S. 2022. Genotyping and physiological characteristics of Acanthamoeba isolated from beaches in Phuket Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 4377-4384. Acanthamoeba is widely distributed in water, soil, dust and air. Beaches are popular tourist destinations for water-related activities while they can also be reservoirs for Acanthamoeba to humans. This study aimed to determine the genotyping of Acanthamoeba in the beach environment and characterized their pathogenicity potential. A total of 63 samples were collected from six beaches in Phuket Province, Thailand. Twenty-one samples of each source including wet sand, dry sand and seawater, were collected and cultivated on 2% non-nutrient agar coated with heat-killed Escherichia coli. Acanthamoeba was found in 100% (n=21) wet sand, 52.4% (n=11) dry sand and 14.3% (n=3) seawater. Sequence analysis of the GTSA.B1 region in 18S rRNA revealed that 83.9% of sequenced isolates belonged to the T5 genotype and 16.1% belonged to the T4 genotype. The T5 genotype was predominant, differing from other reports of Acanthamoeba prevalence in natural sources. In vitro thermal and salt-tolerance showed that all isolates had growth rates similar to clinical Acanthamoeba isolates. This research was undertaken to increase awareness of human eye and brain infections caused by Acanthamoeba on beaches. Further studies on these Acanthamoeba isolates are still required such as co-culture assay between the trophozoites and human cell lines to confirm their pathogenicity as well as their susceptibility to the chemotherapeutic agents.
Abstract. Boonman N, Chutrtong J, Wanna C, Boonsilp S, Chunchob S. 2022. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus from contact surfaces of public buses in Bangkok and metropolitan area, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 3395-3400. The purpose of present investigation was to determine the prevalence of different species of genus Staphylococcus on the contact surfaces of public buses in Bangkok and metropolitan area. A total of 180 samples were collected from handrails, seats, and window frames of each bus of 2 bus terminals, Bangkhen and Morchit, divided into 15 non-air-conditioned buses and 15 air-conditioned buses from each terminal. The samples were cultivated and identified by Gram’s stain and biochemical tests. The results showed that 76.7% from Bangkhen and 80% from Mochit were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. Based on the type of vehicles, Staphylococcus spp. was found in 93.3% of air-conditioned buses and 63.3% of non-air-conditioned buses. Considering the sampling location, Staphylococcus spp. was found in 28.3% of handrails, 50% of seats and 51.7% of window frames. Four isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were discovered among 294 isolates in a total of Staphylococcus spp., including 3 isolates from Bangkhen and 1 isolate from Mochit. Only one isolate was contaminated on the non-air-conditioned bus, whereas 3 isolates were on the air-conditioned buses. Two isolates of them were found from seats and 2 isolates from window frames. Disk diffusion susceptibility test showed that 3 isolates of S. aureus resisted fusidic acid and fosfomycin. The results suggested that Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus were prevalence in public transport systems which were a source of infection to the persons. Therefore, effectively controlling their distribution is necessary to reduce the risk of bacterial infections in public bus users.
The objectives of this research paper are study online learning behaviors, the success factors of online learning and perspectives on online learning during the Covid-19 situation. It is survey research. The population is 127 students of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat university. The sample group enrolled in microbiology courses, semesters 1 and 2 of 2020 academic year. Research tool is a questionnaire. Data are analyzed by finding the average, percentage and standard deviation. The results show that online learning behavior during the Covid-19 situation are on moderate levels. Overall academic success on study is also at moderate levels. Most students have no difficulty using technology due to their familiarity but the main problem lies in the access to the Internet signal. These students are not satisfied with online learning, so the help of teachers and related agencies can resolve student frustrations in order to make online learning in the future more efficient and to be favorite by learners.
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