BACKGROUND: Rare sugars including D-allulose, D-tagatose, and D-sorbose are present in limited quantities in nature; some of these rare sugars are now commercially produced using microbial enzymes. Apart from the anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycaemic activities of D-allulose, effects of these sugars on lipid metabolism have not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to determine if and how D-tagatose and D-sorbose modulate lipid metabolism in rats. After feeding these rare sugars to rats, parameters on lipid metabolism were determined. RESULTS:No diet-related effects were observed on body weight and food intake. Hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity was lowered by D-allulose and D-sorbose but increased by D-tagatose. Faecal fatty acid excretion was non-significantly decreased by D-allulose, but significantly increased by D-sorbose without affecting faecal steroid excretion. A trend toward reduced adipose tissue weight was observed in groups fed rare sugars. Serum adiponectin levels were decreased by D-sorbose relative to the control. Gene expression of cholesterol metabolism-related liver proteins tended to be down-regulated by D-allulose and D-sorbose but not by D-tagatose. In the small intestine, SR-B1 mRNA expression was suppressed by D-sorbose. CONCLUSION: Lipid metabolism in rats varies with rare sugars. Application of rare sugars to functional foods for healthy body weight maintenance requires further studies. Analysis of gene expression by RT-PCRTo further determine how rare sugars affect lipid metabolism at the molecular level, gene expression of enzymes and proteins involved J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98: 2020-2026
D-Allulose, a C3 epimer of D-fructose, modulates lipid metabolism. Soy protein has been reported to have antidyslipidemic properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combination of D-allulose and soy protein would have favorable effects on lipid metabolism. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 21.7 % casein or 21.7 % soy protein diets with or without 3% D-allulose for 4 weeks under standard (experiment 1) or high-fat conditions (experiment 2). Under the high-fat diet condition, while D-allulose alone increased serum triglyceride levels, co-administration with soy protein suppressed this increase in serum triglyceride levels. Soy protein and D-allulose alone decreased hepatic triglyceride levels under the standard fat diet, and their combination yielded the lowest hepatic triglyceride levels, accompanied by a decrease in hepatic enzyme activities associated with fatty acid synthesis. In conclusion, soy protein and D-allulose co-administration might have additive effects on lipid metabolism, highlighting broader implications for the application of D-allulose in the development of functional foods.
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