Rare sugars, <scp>d</scp>‐allulose, <scp>d</scp>‐tagatose and <scp>d</scp>‐sorbose, differently modulate lipid metabolism in rats

Nagata, Yasuo; Mizuta, Narumi; Kanasaki, Akane; Tanaka, Kazunari

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8687

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…A study in rats found that D‐allulose and D‐sorbose lowered hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity, whereas D‐tagatose increased its enzymatic activity (Nagata et al., 2018), which is of particular importance as increased lipogenesis is associated with metabolic syndrome (Sato et al., 2010). Serum adiponectin, a protein involved in glucose signaling and fatty acid breakdown, was lower in all rats on diets containing rare sugars (either D‐allulose, D‐sorbose, or D‐tagatose); however, only D‐sorbose showed a significant difference.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Sweetenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners

Mora

Dando

2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The global rise in obesity, type II diabetes, and other metabolic disorders in recent years has been attributed in part to the overconsumption of added sugars. Sugar reduction strategies often rely on synthetic and naturally occurring sweetening compounds to achieve their goals, with popular synthetic sweeteners including saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, and advantame. Natural sweeteners can be further partitioned into nutritive, including polyols, rare sugars, honey, maple syrup, and agave, and nonnutritive, which include steviol glycosides and rebaudiosides, luo han guo (monk fruit), and thaumatin. We choose the foods we consume largely on their sensory properties, an area in which these sugar substitutes often fall short. Here, we discuss the most popular synthetic and natural sweeteners, with the goal of providing an understanding of differences in the sensory profiles of these sweeteners versus sucrose, that they are designed to replace, essential for the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies. In addition, we break down the influence of these sweeteners on metabolism, and present results from a large survey of consumers’ opinions on these sweeteners. Consumer interest in clean label foods has driven a move toward natural sweeteners; however, neither natural nor synthetic sweeteners are metabolically inert. Identifying sugar replacements that not only closely imitate the sensory profile of sucrose but also exert advantageous effects on body weight and metabolism is critical in successfully the ultimate goals of reducing added sugar in the average consumer's diet. With so many options for sucrose replacement available, consumer opinion and cost, which vary widely with suagr replacements, will also play a vital role in which sweeteners are successful in widespread adoption.

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Section: Metabolism Of Sweetenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners

Mora

Dando

2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…Meanwhile, galactose has been commonly used to induce senescence in vitro and in vivo ( Azman and Zakaria, 2019 ). Intriguingly, sorbitose has not been reported as a component of other oligosaccharides, but has been reported to decrease lipid metabolism in rats ( Nagata et al, 2018 ). Thus, sorbitose may account for the characteristic activity of PNO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Biochemical Study of Anti-Dermal Fibroblast Replicative Senescence Potential of Panax Notoginseng Oligosaccharides

Zhai

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Dermal fibroblast replicative senescence that often occurs in aging skin is characterized by loss of cell proliferative capacity, cell cycle arrest, decreased cell elongation, and decreased synthesis of dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Although Panax notoginseng is known for its effectiveness in alleviating many age-related degenerative diseases, few studies have evaluated P. notoginseng components for efficacy or mechanisms of action in delaying cell replicative senescence. In this study, P. notoginseng oligosaccharides (PNO) were isolated using a stepwise purification procedure involving water extraction and alcohol precipitation followed by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography, preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography. Monosaccharides detected in PNO constituents included mannose, galactose, and sorbitose in relative molar proportions of 14.2:12.3:1, respectively, aligning with PNO absorption spectrum results resembling typical known spectra for sugars. In vitro, PNO treatment of replicative senescent NIH-3T3 fibroblasts significantly promoted cell vitality, inhibited SA-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and reduced p16 and p21 protein-level expression. Moreover, PNO treatment of senescent fibroblasts led to a lower proportion of G1 phase cells and higher proportion of S phase cells, while also inducing aging NIH-3T3 cells to migrate and synthesize collagen-I (CoL-I). Mechanistically, PNO treatment up-regulated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin E, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) proteins and promoted phosphorylation of MEK, p38, and ERK1/2 to trigger cell cycle progression. Additionally, PNO treatment also up-regulated protein-level expression of TGF-β1 and levels of p-Smad2/3, p-FAK, and p-Pax to trigger CoL-I synthesis and cell migration. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that oligosaccharides purified from P. notoginseng could reverse fibroblast replicative senescence by promoting fibroblast cell proliferation, migration, and CoL-I production.

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“…In several studies, the observed changes in enzyme activity were accompanied by reductions in adipose tissue weight (41; 48; 71; 73) , although in two shorter studies the reductions did not reach significance (65; 68) . Interestingly when Nagata et al (68) compared the effects of 3% PSI, TAG and SOR in the diets of rats, they found that lipid metabolism enzymes were affected differently by the different rare sugars, for example the activity of fatty acid synthase was decreased in PSI-fed rats but increased in the TAG-fed group.…”

Section: Rare Sugar Consumption and Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare sugars: metabolic impacts and mechanisms of action: a scoping review

et al. 2021

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Food manufacturers are under increasing pressure to limit the amount of free sugars in their products. Many have reformulated products to replace sucrose, glucose and fructose with alternative sweeteners, but some of these have been associated with additional health concerns. Rare sugars are “monosaccharides and their derivatives that hardly exist in nature”, and there is increasing evidence that they could have health benefits. This review aimed to scope the existing literature in order to identify the most commonly researched rare sugars, to ascertain their proposed health benefits, mechanisms of action and potential uses, and to highlight knowledge gaps. A process of iterative database searching identified 55 relevant articles. The reported effects of rare sugars were noted, along with details of the research methodologies conducted. Our results indicated that the most common rare sugars investigated are D-psicose and D-tagatose, with the potential health benefits divided into three topics: glycaemic control, body composition and cardiovascular disease. All the rare sugars investigated have the potential to suppress postprandial elevation of blood glucose and improve glycaemic control in both human and animal models. Some animal studies have suggested that certain rare sugars may also improve lipid profiles, alter the gut microbiome and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The present review demonstrates that rare sugars could play a role in reducing the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and/or cardiovascular disease. However, understanding of the mechanisms by which rare sugars may exert their effects is limited, and their effectiveness when used in reformulated products is unknown.

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Rare sugars, d‐allulose, d‐tagatose and d‐sorbose, differently modulate lipid metabolism in rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners

The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners

A Novel Biochemical Study of Anti-Dermal Fibroblast Replicative Senescence Potential of Panax Notoginseng Oligosaccharides

Rare sugars: metabolic impacts and mechanisms of action: a scoping review

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