The present study reviews different studies on inventory control of deteriorating items in chain supply published over the period 1963-2013. The study investigates supply chain of the items in terms of various perspectives. Finally, the summary of the studies is shown in two tables for oneechelon and multi-echelon supply chain including the main information and assumptions of each paper. In the mentioned tables, the papers were classified in terms of the type of demand rate, deterioration rate, solution procedure and findings. It can be said that no analysis on the results was done in the present study and it can be only used as a good reference in the study field for other researchers.
Determining the optimal inventory control and selling price for deteriorating items is of great significance. In this paper, a joint pricing and inventory control model for deteriorating items with price-and time-dependent demand rate and time-dependent deteriorating rate with partial backlogging is considered. The objective is to determine the optimal price, the replenishment time, and economic order quantity such that the total profit per unit time is maximized. After modeling the problem, an algorithm is proposed to solve the resulted problem. We also prove that the problem statement is concave function and the optimal solution is indeed global.
This paper considers an inventory control policy for a two-echelon inventory control system with one supplier-one buyer. We consider the case of deteriorating items which lead to shortage in supply chain. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the deterioration rate by adding some specification to the packaging of these items that is known as active packaging. Although this packaging can reduce the deteriorating rate of products, but may be increases the cost of both supplier and buyer. Because of the complexity of the mathematical model, a genetic algorithm has been developed to determine the best policy of this inventory control system.
This study considered the competition between two multi-echelon supply chains with identical structures on price under two market power structures. For this purpose, two di erent scenarios were developed. In the rst scenario, both supply chains decided simultaneously (the Nash game). In the second scenario, due to the imbalance of power between the two supply chains, the Stackelberg game was adopted in the model. The paper investigated the e ects of di erent relations between the market sizes of supply chains and the supply chain structures on price and pro t along with the analysis of power in the market. Based on these assumptions, it was found that the supply chains did not always involve the second-mover advantage in the price Stackelberg game. Furthermore, having the centralized structure, both of the supply chains bene ted from the presence of a leader in the market for di erent combinations of market size. Moreover, the relationship between price and pro t was analyzed given the size of the market in di erent scenarios rather than through provision of numerical examples.
Distribution management is an important part of the business cycle for distributors and wholesalers. It is also important for businesses to have successful distribution management systems in order to remain competitive and keep customers satisfied. In this research, we consider the competition between two multi-echelon supply chains under two different service systems where price and service level are considered as performance measures. For every supply chain, there are two different indirect channels for the sale of the products that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, each supply chain benefits from two rival sale channels with different structures. The different structures of these channels induce magnificent changes in the demand function. Hence, we develop two alternate scenarios which are based on the centralized and decentralized servicing conditions. In the centralized conditions, the manufacturer is authorized to service all the members of the chains. In the decentralized conditions, the sale channels are responsible for decision-making about service level for every member of the chains. Furthermore, the effects of competition and sensitivity analysis on the equilibrium of the scenarios and supply chain profit are discussed in a numerical example.
The retailer’s strategic inventory management can convince the supplier to present lower wholesale prices in later orders. In practice, there are always unavoidable factors that cause disruption in the supply chain with undeniable impacts on strategic inventories, such as COVID-19. This is of greater significance in regard to goods that lose their freshness by time. The impacts of disruption in such products on managed strategic inventories and the retailer’s and supplier’s consequent behavior have not been addressed in the literature. Therefore, this research investigated the impacts of disruption in demand for deteriorating items on strategic inventories managed by the retailer. The results demonstrated that strategic inventory management is not always a threat for the supplier, and it can even be useful in certain conditions. Changes in goods deterioration levels were found to affect profit more seriously if disruption increased demand in the first period. We also specified the consequences of a decision to or not to manage strategic inventories in different cases of disruption and inventory management cost.
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