As stated in numerous studies, entrepreneurship education is becoming more and more important everywhere in the world and research in entrepreneurship are growing and getting legitimacy in the scientific communities, however a few scholars have focused on the subfield of entrepreneurship education. Although the key to a successful entrepreneurship education is to find the most effective way to manage the teachable skills and identify the best match between student needs and teaching techniques, there is no universal pedagogical recipe to teach entrepreneurship and the choice of techniques and modalities depends mainly on the objectives, contents and constraints imposed by the institutional context. Education programs in entrepreneurship are a new phenomenon in Iran. These programs vary widely in terms of short term objectives, target audiences, format and pedagogical approach. The first M.Sc. entrepreneurship management program has been initiated in the University of Tehran in 2005. One of the basic courses in this entrepreneurship curriculum is "business planning". This paper attempts to identify the appropriate teaching methods in this course conducting two qualitative studies by semi-structured interviews. Results of the first study on a sample of experts in teaching methods complete the list of teaching methods that could be used in entrepreneurship education. The results of second study on a sample of lecturers of "business planning" course show that appropriate teaching methods of this course are respectively group project, case study, individual project, development of a new venture creation project, and problem-solving. Furthermore, in this study, the appropriate teaching methods in each component of this course have been presented.
PurposeThis study aims to develop a comprehensive set of determinants and sub-determinant of eco-innovation (EI) and to propose an approach for their structuring and prioritisation.Design/methodology/approachA framework was developed based on a literature review, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) was used to structure the main determinants and the results were transferred into a six-phase quality function deployment (QFD) for prioritising the sub-determinants. The statistical population included 15 experts and the middle/top managers of 130 knowledge-based companies.FindingsBased on the results of the driving power and dependence diagram from the ISM, a seven-level classification of the main determinants has been used. The QFD results indicated ‘meeting environmental law standards’; ‘scale to support innovative strategies’; ‘commitment to continually improve and make eco-innovations’; ‘technological advisory oriented to environment’; ‘product and process EI oriented methods’; ‘improvements in energy efficiency across the company and the market’ and ‘reputation, brand image, and profit margin’ as the priorities of the sub-determinants of eco-innovation in the phases of the developed QFD.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide evidence of the usefulness of decision-making approaches such as ISM and QFD in resolving environmental problems, which is helpful to analysts and practitioners in the field of EI.Originality/valueThe novel ISM+EID2 approach proposed distinguishes this study from previous studies. The approach allows elaboration on the model presented by de Pacheco et al. (2017) by adding nine empirically derived sub-determinants.
Entrepreneurs make important decisions regarding different aspects of their enterprises. Given the bulk of uncertainty, complexity as well as the rapid rate of change in their business environment, entrepreneurs’ decisions, including their marketing decisions, are prone to decision-making biases. Previous research has mainly focused on the negative outcomes of decision-making biases for entrepreneurs. We argue that sometimes entrepreneurial decision-making biases could have positive outcomes, too. Ignoring these positive outcomes has led to a serious research gap in the field of entrepreneurship. Thus, in this paper, we attempted to explore positive outcomes of decision-making biases in entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions with a generic qualitative methodology. We gathered data by conducting semi-structured interviews with nascent Iranian entrepreneurs active in nanotechnology and biotechnology. The collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Our results indicate that survival in the market, overcoming the competition, propensity for innovation and growth are the main positive outcomes of entrepreneurial decision-making biases in entrepreneurial marketing. We recommend that future studies consider exploring other possible positive outcomes of decision-making biases in various entrepreneurs’ decisions.
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