BACKGROUND:According to World Health Organization (WHO) Denition- Clinically a case of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome is dened as a person of any age at any time of year, with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk and/or new onset of seizures. Initially Tuberculosis meningoencephalitis and bacterial meningoencephalitis were common causes but now there is a change in paradigm of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome to viral meningoencephalitis. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was undertaken at the department of pediatrics,in a tertiary care hospital in a city in Western Maharashtra. Children aged 0- 12 years fullling the WHO denition of AES were included as study subjects. Detailed history for necessary demographic characteristics and clinical examination ndings were tabulated and analyzed.To establish the relationship between two quantitative variables relative statistical analysis was applied. RESULTS:Atotal of 60 cases formed as study subjects. With higher proportion of subjects were between 5 to 12 years (46.7%).Majority of them being males 33 (55%).A majority of cases were reported during post-monsoon period 26 (43.3%).All cases had altered sensorium, 90% cases had fever. With the use of CSF parameters majority of cases had viral encephalitis(58.3%), followed by bacterial encephalitis(26.7%).Out of 60 cases 53 cases(88.3%) were immunized. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of AES cases in this study was 1.55%. Most common age group affected is below 5 years to 12 years. Male children are more affected than females with a ratio of 1.4:1 .Most common presenting symptom was altered sensorium (100%) followed by fever (90%).Meningeal sign was present in 18 patients (30%).Out of 60 cases viral aetiology was found in 35 cases (58.3%), followed by bacterial aetiology in 16(26.7%).
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