Background: Short stature can be a normal variant or secondary to an underlying disorder. It is necessary to evaluate short stature to differentiate a normal from pathological short stature and thus decide the further treatment needed. This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to find out the various etiologies of short statureMethods: An observational study was conducted on 49 children in age of 2-12 years with short stature. They were grouped as normal variants and pathological short stature depending on upper-lower segment ratio the study group was later divided into proportionate and disproportionate short stature. They were further investigated to find out the etiology of the short stature. The bone age of all groups was compared with the chronological age to calculate the bone age retardation.Results: Out of 49 children 26.5% were normal variants and 73.4% as pathological type. 77.7% of pathological short stature were proportionate type. The male:female ratio was 1:1.4. Chronic systemic disorders were detected in 24.48% while malnutrition and endocrine disorders constituted 12% each. The bone age retardation in endocrine disorders was 0.47.Conclusions: Chronic systemic disorders were commonest cause of pathological short stature in this study. Females were predominantly affected in all groups and bone age retardation was maximum in endocrine disorders, thus indicating that early diagnosis and management of these disorders is necessary to decrease the growth retardation in these children. An understanding of short stature not only permits to differentiate a normal variant from an underlying disorder but also helps in modifying the course by means of early intervention.
HR was 146.95 and 139.55, For RR 45.96 and 40.175,
Background: Meconium staining of amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a relatively common problem occuring in 10-25% of all deliveries. Meconium aspiration syndrome is more common in term babies than in preterm babies with rising frequency along with increase in gestational age of the fetus. Meconium stained amniotic fluid generally indicates sign of fetal distress. The objective of this study was to study clinical profile of meconium aspiration syndrome and the probable risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome.Methods: It is a prospective observational sectional study conducted in NICU of department of paediatrics of tertiary care centre from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2016.Results: In this study both sexes were equally affected, majority of the neonates were above 2.5kg and only very few (2 neonates) were less than 1.5kg. majority of the neonates were full term, it was found that there is a significant association between thick MSAF and the development of MAS, it was found that there is a significant association between low APGAR score at 1 minutes and the development of MAS, there is a strong association between thick MSAF and mortality in MSAF babies. Anemia 38 (25%) was the most frequent perinatal risk factor followed by fetal distress 27 (18) and PIH 21 (14%).Conclusions: Newborns with thick MSAF were more likely to develop MAS and thick MSAF and low APGAR at 1 min were associated with high risk of development of MAS. Passage of thick meconium was significantly associated with severe birth asphyxia and carried a bad prognosis with increased risk of development of meconium aspiration syndrome and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.
Introduction: Cranial ultrasound has been widely used in neonates for early detection of intra-cranial abnormalities like intra-ventricular haemorrhage, cerebral oedema, any structural anomalies etc. It is a convenient, non-invasive, safe with least radiation exposure and quick imaging technique to visualize the neonatal brain parenchyma and ventricular system. Objective: To study the use of cranial ultrasound in the critically ill neonates admitted in the Neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and methods: This was a Cross sectional study done in NICU, GMCH, Miraj in the month of May-June 2017. These 80 critically ill Neonates according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to cranial ultrasonography as per the protocols and different abnormalities noted and then evaluated. Clinical correlation with the USG findings was noted. Results: 28.75% of the sick neonates admitted in the NICU had abnormal cranial USG findings. Detection of abnormal finding on cranial ultrasound in the sick neonates was found to be significant. Amongst these 30.43% had cerebral oedema, 30.43% had intra-ventricular haemorrhage, 13.04% had cerebral oedema and IVH both, 8.70% had dilatation of ventricles with IVH and 17.40% had dilatation of ventricles. Occurrence of cerebral oedema in term babies and intra-ventricular haemorrhage in Pre-term babies was found to be significant in the study. Discussion: The occurrence of abnormal Cranial USG (28.75%) was significant in our study and was in correlation with similar studies which showed occurrence of 31%. Majority of babies had cerebral oedema and intra ventricular haemorrhage. The abnormal USG was significantly associated with HIE-2 and Pre-term (<32 weeks) babies. Conclusion: Cranial Ultrasonography is a feasible and effective modality to screen critically ill neonates and aid in early detection and management of these sick neonates.
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