Endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia interacts with host in either a mutualistic or parasitic manner. Wolbachia is frequently identified in various arthropod species, and to date, Wolbachia infections have been detected in different insects. Here, we found a triple Wolbachia infection in Homona magnanima, a serious tea pest, and investigated the effects of three infecting Wolbachia strains (wHm-a, -b, and -c) on the host. Starting with the triple-infected host line (W), which was collected in western Tokyo in 1999 and maintained in laboratory, we established an uninfected line (W) and three singly infected lines (W, W, and W) using antibiotics. Mating experiments with the host lines revealed that only wHm-b induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in H. magnanima, with the intensities of CI different between the W and W lines. Regarding mutualistic effects, wHm-c shortened larval development time and increased pupal weight in both the W and W lines to the same extent, whereas no distinct phenotype was observed in lines singly infected with wHm-a. Based on quantitative PCR analysis, Wolbachia density in the W line was higher than in the other host lines (p < 0.01, n = 10). Wolbachia density in the W line was also higher than in the W and W lines, while no difference was observed between the W and W lines. These results indicate that the difference in the CI intensity between a single or multiple infection may be attributed to the difference in wHm-b density. However, no correlation was observed between mutualistic effects and Wolbachia density.
Chicken ¢c.natriuretlc p~ptide (=.¢hNP) has hcen identified in ehteker~ heart, which allowed hi=her ha=nolo=:/to brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) than to atrial natrturetic peplide (ANP) [1]. Complementary DNA (eDNA} clone en~odir~j a chNP pr~ursor (pre-chNP) was isolated from ~rdiac eDNA library mtd sequenced. Pre.ehNP was 140.residue pepttde carrying a 24.residue fiMnal peptide at the N-tennlnus and a.ehNP at the C.termi. nus, and did not exhibit high homolosy to porcine BNP except for the C.terminal re=ion. However, a characteristic AT.rich nucleotide sccluencc commonly round in mammalian BNPs was also pre~nt in tile Y-tmtranslated re$ion, Thas, chNP i= concluded to ~ classified Into the BNP-typ¢, Chicken natriuretic pcptide; Atrial natduretic peptide; Br~in natriuretie pcptide; eDNA cloning; Chicken heart
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