The candidate bFGF treatment supported periodontal regeneration comparable with that of established benchmarks: EMD and PDGF/beta-TCP.

The present results suggest that the combination of EMD and PADM in conjunction with CAF may represent a promising approach for treating single Miller class II gingival recessions.

IntroductionThe frenula of the oral vestibule include the labial and buccal frenula. Abnormal labial and buccal frenula can affect facial esthetics and oral cavity function by retracting the gingival margin, creating a median diastema, and limiting lip movement. Because of the lack of information on these structures, we aimed to clarify their anatomy. MethodsA total of 34 sides from 17 fresh frozen cadaveric Caucasian heads were used in the present study. The specimens were derived from 11 male and 6 female adult cadavers. The relationships between the frenulum of the mucosa and the tissue underneath the mucosa was observed.ResultsThe buccal frenulum was formed by the border of mimetic muscles and connective tissues. Comparitively, the labial frenulum was only formed by taut connective tissue.ConclusionWe found that the buccal and labial frenula have different compositions. This finding may have relevance both in oral surgery and in various cosmetic procedures near the oral vestibule.

Objectives The potential additive effect of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) to a subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) for recession coverage is still controversially discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of gingival recessions treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) and CTG with or without EMD in dogs. Materials and methods Gingival recession defects (5 mm wide and 7 mm deep) were surgically created on the labial side of bilateral maxillary canines in 7 dogs. After 8 weeks of plaque accumulation and subsequent 2 weeks of chemical plaque control, the 14 chronic defects were randomized to receive either CAF with CTG (CAF/CTG) or CAF with CTG and EMD (CAF/CTG/ EMD). The animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after reconstructive surgery for histologic evaluation. Results Treatment with CAF/CTG/EMD demonstrated statistically significantly better results in terms of probing pocket depth reduction (P < 0.05) and clinical attachment level gain (P < 0.001). The length of the epithelium was statistically significantly shorter in the CAF/CTG/EMD group than in the CAF/CTG group (1.00 ± 0.75 mm vs. 2.38 ± 1.48 mm, respectively, P < 0.01). Cementum formation was statistically significantly greater in the CAF/CTG/EMD group than following treatment with the CAF/ CTG group (3.20 ± 0.89 mm vs. 1.88 ± 1.58 mm, respectively, P < 0.01). The CAF/CTG/EMD group showed statistically significantly greater complete periodontal regeneration (i.e., new cementum, new periodontal ligament, and new bone) than treatment with CAF/CTG (0.54 ± 0.73 mm vs. 0.07 ± 0.27 mm, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion Within their limits, the present findings indicate that the additional use of EMD in conjunction with CAF + CTG favors periodontal regeneration in gingival recession defects. Clinical relevance The present findings support the use of EMD combined with CTG and CAF for promoting periodontal regeneration in isolated gingival recession defects.

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