Summary This study examined for the first time the chromosomal characteristics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and karyological analysis of the pink anemonefish, Amphiprion perideraion (Bleeker 1955) from the Andaman Sea, Phuket Province, Thailand. Kidney cell samples were taken from five male and five female fish. Mitotic chromosome preparations were conducted using a standard squash technique as well as taken directly from kidney cells. Metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and then air-dried. Conventional and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of A. perideraion was 2n=48, and the fundamental number (NF) was 94 in both males and females. Karyotpes were present as 2 large metacentric, 18 large submetacentric, 8 large acrocentric, 10 medium metacentric, 6 medium submetacentric, 2 medium acrocentric and 2 medium telocentric chromosomes. No irregularly sized chromosomes related to sex were observed. The results indicated that the short arm of the large acrocentric chromosome pair No. 19 showed clearly observable NORs. The karyotype formula for A. perideraion is as follows:
Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in the old town, Lopburi province rapid increase in their number as well nuisance activities. Strategies and management plans of Lopburi province, Thailand need to be developed and enacted in order to remedy some of the problems occurring in human-macaque interface zones. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the macaque number and behavior, a survey on their population number and behavior was conducted from November, 2014 to May, 2015. Population estimation of long-tailed macaque was done by surveying seven macaque groups in the old town, Lopburi province: Prang Sam Yot shrine (GR1) Malai Rama theatre (GR2), Van station (GR3), Chayowanich building (GR4), Muang Thong hotel (GR5), Manora market (GR6) and Sengheng building (GR7). The identified macaque groups were visited during dusk or dawn and visual counts of each group were made carefully from close distance. One-way ANOVA, followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) method was used for analysis of differences in macaque population number. Total estimated macaque population of seven groups range was between 1,920 and 2,080. Group size ranged from 70 to 700 individuals. Male and female sex ratio was estimated at 1:1.3. Behavior of M. fascicularis was observed by using scan sampling method for 216 hours during November, 2014 to May, 2015. The high levels frequency of behavior between macaque and macaque was feeding (20%) and inactive (29%). Food-related interaction (32%) was the highest frequency of behavior between macaque and human. Results suggested that factors related to macaque number and behavior for could be related to dietary resources. Moreover, feeding, playing, agonistic, moving, defecation and foodrelated interaction behavior were high frequency at period of 9 am. Conflicting, aggression and vocalization behavior were shown the most percentage of behavior frequency at 10 am and 4 pm. This data will be useful for management of respective locales was recommended to formulate practical strategies to avoid or decrease the interaction between macaque and human. The macaque population needs to be monitored and studied in depth to better understand their dynamics and behavioral adaptations to this old town.
Summary This study examines for the first time the karyological and chromosomal characteristics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of the cloudy grouper, Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes 1828) from Phuket and Phang Nga Provinces, Andaman Sea, Thailand (two localities). Kidney cell samples were taken from six fish and mitotic chromosome preparations were prepared directly from kidney cells. Conventional and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of E. erythrurus was 2n=48 and the fundamental number (NF, number of chromosome arms) was 52. The karyotype comprised 26 large telocentric, 4 medium acrocentric, and 18 medium telocentric chromosomes. The region adjacent to the telomeres of the short arms of acrocentric chromosome pair No. 18 showed clearly observable NORs (telomeric NORs). The karyotype formula was deduced as:
Summary Karyological analysis of the Indo-Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) from Northeast Thailand was studied. Dragon lizard chromosome preparations were conducted by a squash technique from bone marrow and testis. Conventional staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosome with Giemsa s solution. The results showed that the number of diploid chromosome was 2n=26, while the fundamental number (NF) were 48 in both males and females. The types of chromosome were five metacentric pairs and one submetacentric pair of macrochromosomes, and 12 pairs of apparent microchromosomes. No irregularly sized chromosomes related to sex were observed. Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are located at the secondary constriction of the long arm near telomere in macrochromosome pair 2. We found that during metaphase I the homologous chromosomes showed synapsis, which can be defined as 18 bivalents and 18 haploid chromosomes at metaphase II as in diploid species. The karyotype formula is as follows: 2n (36)=L
Background and Aim: At present, increasing in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) population in Lopburi old town caused several problems in its community, in particular with sanitation problem. The present study aimed to explore species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from feces of the free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Lopburi Old Town, Thailand. Materials and Methods: Fresh fecal samples were collected from October 2018 to July 2019 from seven troops of macaques. Bacterial colonies were identified based on Gram stain and standard biochemical techniques. Sensitivity toward eight different antibiotics, including amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, and gentamicin, was analyzed using the disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 1050 fecal samples were collected. Five unique bacterial species were identified, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella Group B, and Citrobacter spp. in 100%, 25.71%, 18%, 1.71%, and 0.57% of the fecal specimens, respectively. Among 70 distinct isolates of E. coli, 63 (93%) were resistant to multiple drugs, including amoxicillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, and erythromycin; one isolate (6%) was resistant to clindamycin only. Furthermore, 17 isolates (94%) of Salmonella Group B were resistant to both clindamycin and erythromycin. Five of the six Citrobacter spp. isolates (83%) were also multidrug-resistant (to cephalexin, clindamycin, and erythromycin); the one remaining Citrobacter spp. isolate (6%) was resistant to both clindamycin and erythromycin. However, a high percentage of E. coli, Salmonella Group B and Citrobacter spp. remained susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline. Conclusion: Our findings provide the basic information for the selection of empirical therapy and for the evaluation of the scale of antibiotic resistance associated with macaques living in Lopburi Old Town.
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