Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important cereal crops of the world and world’s third most leading cereal crop, after wheat and rice. Maize is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, fusarium wilt of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides is most serious disease of maize. Tweleve isolates of F. vericillioides were studied for its cultural, morphological and pathogenic variability. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to club shaped with a flattened base and measured 5.12-7.11 μm X 2.04-3.18 μm (L×W). Macroconidia were sickle shaped with 3-5 septa and measured 20.01-31.12 μm X 2.01-3.21 μm (L×W). The radial mycelial growth of test isolates ranged from 4.32 mm to 8.65 mm at 10 days after inoculationon on PDA medium. However, maximum mycelial growth was recorded by the isolate F-ISO-5 in all the three mediums and mean maximum growth of isolates were observed in CMA. The fungal colony of Fusarium isolates on PDA were initially white, floccose which turned purple to dark brown after 7 days of incubation at 28 ± 2ºC. Cultures developed pigmentation like pink, light purple, dark violet which varied with age. All the tested isolates were pathogenic on tested maize cultivar (kaveri- 50). However, the disease severity was varied among the isolates. Fusarium isolates F-ISO-7 was highly virulent which caused severe disease upon inoculation with disease score of 8.0 on 1-9 scale followed by F-ISO-1, F-ISO-3, F-ISO-4, F-ISO-5, F-ISO-6 and F-ISO-8.
Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), being the most important remunerative vegetable and is susceptible to a wide range of viruses which are the major constraints in its production resulting to heavy crop losses. Among these, after Chilli leaf curl virus, Chilli veinal mottle virus (Chi VMV) is the major prevalent virus. Host range studies under glasshouse conditions revealed that Chi VMV is transmitted mechanically. Among 41 host plants tested, nine different plant species (Datura metel, Capsicum annuum, Physalis floridana, Solanum nigrum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Amaranthus spp, Nicotiana tabaccum cv. White Burley, Nicotiana tabaccum cv. Samsun and Capsicum frutescense.) induced characteristic systemic mottling symptoms within 7 to 14 days of inoculation. The rest of the hosts remained asymptomatic.
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