Fusarium wilt of maize is a widely distributed and the most destructive disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides. The main objective of this experiment is to identify the effective Bacillus isolates against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro condition. A total of 10 Bacillus spp. isolates were isolated from rhizhosphere region of maize plants in different locations of Telangana state and tested for antagonistic activity at department of plant pathology, Maize Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar. All the isolates of Bacillus spp. were used for determining theirbio efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides. All the isolates not shown similar bio efficacy and differerd in their antagonistic activity against F. verticillioides mycelial growth. Among them the isolates B-ISO-3 and B-ISO-2 were found to record significantly higher percent reduction of mycelial growth 63.3 and 62.8 % respectively, followed by B-ISO-9 which recorded 61.3%t reduction of mycelial growth over control. The lowest percent reduction of mycelial growth was recorded with the isolate B-IS0-8 (34.2 %) over control.
The present work aims to isolate and characterize the bacterial endophytes associated with different maize genotypes varying in resistance to disease reaction against Macrophomina phaseolina. A total of 50 endophytic bacteria were isolated from root and stem of healthy maize plants at 30 DAS, 60 DAS by using two different media like TSA, NA medium and maximum number of endophytic bacterial population were recovered from root followed by stem in all the genotypes and TSA medium was found to be the most suitable medium for deciphering maximum endophytic bacterial diversity. The isolated bacterial endophytes were characterized on the basis of morphological parameters viz., size, shape, colour, margin and texture, elevation, gram staining reaction and it was observed that Gram positive bacteria (68.0 %) formed the dominant group. The colony characterization revealed that circular forms (38.0 %) were dominated. Among the colony features the colonies with entire margins (66.0 %) and convex elevation (44.0 %) were found to be dominating.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important cereal crops of the world and world’s third most leading cereal crop, after wheat and rice. Maize is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, fusarium wilt of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides is most serious disease of maize. Tweleve isolates of F. vericillioides were studied for its cultural, morphological and pathogenic variability. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to club shaped with a flattened base and measured 5.12-7.11 μm X 2.04-3.18 μm (L×W). Macroconidia were sickle shaped with 3-5 septa and measured 20.01-31.12 μm X 2.01-3.21 μm (L×W). The radial mycelial growth of test isolates ranged from 4.32 mm to 8.65 mm at 10 days after inoculationon on PDA medium. However, maximum mycelial growth was recorded by the isolate F-ISO-5 in all the three mediums and mean maximum growth of isolates were observed in CMA. The fungal colony of Fusarium isolates on PDA were initially white, floccose which turned purple to dark brown after 7 days of incubation at 28 ± 2ºC. Cultures developed pigmentation like pink, light purple, dark violet which varied with age. All the tested isolates were pathogenic on tested maize cultivar (kaveri- 50). However, the disease severity was varied among the isolates. Fusarium isolates F-ISO-7 was highly virulent which caused severe disease upon inoculation with disease score of 8.0 on 1-9 scale followed by F-ISO-1, F-ISO-3, F-ISO-4, F-ISO-5, F-ISO-6 and F-ISO-8.
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