This article discusses two reasearch questions, firstly, whether law reforms on investment by the issuance of policy packages involving massive numbers of regulations during the First Period of President Jokowi have been successful to increase the realization of foreign investments? Secondly, how is the projection of foreign investment policies in the Second Period Of President Joko Widodo to increase the realization of foreign investments? Theoretical framework used in this article methodologically places law as external environment for foreign investors, and that law is the priority factor and the most relevant for investment and economic growth. This article concludes that first, law reforms on investments by the issuance of massive regulations in the First Period, even though having been successful to increase the values of realization of cumulative foreign investments significantly, they have been unsuccessful in increasing the annual percentages of foreign investment growth. Second, Omnibus Law and the then implementing regulations that would be used to increase foreign investments have been inviting resistances from various components of the nation, due to lack of transparent procedures and degrading the interests of public at large, and bias of the intersets of investors. Therefore, the effectiveness of law reforms in the Second Period would be impeded by various resistant movements, and in turn, be contraproductive with the purposes of legal reforms. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas dua permasalahan utama, pertama apakah reformasi hukum investasi melalui serangkaian paket kebijakan dengan jumlah peraturan yang masif pada Periode Pertama Presiden Jokowi telah berhasil meningkatkan realisasi investasi asing? Kedua, bagaimanakah proyeksi kebijakan investasi asing pada Periode Kedua Presiden Jokowi untuk meningkatkan realisasi investasi asing? Kerangka teoretik yang digunakan dalam artikel ini secara metodologis menempatkan hukum sebagai lingkungan eksternal dari investasi asing, bahwa hukum merupakan faktor prioritas dan paling relevan untuk investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini pertama, reformasi hukum investasi dengan mengeluarkan produk hukum yang masif pada Periode Pertama meskipun berhasil meningkatkan nilai investasi asing kumulatif secara signifikan, tetapi tidak berhasil meningkatkan persentase pertumbuhan pertahunnya. Kedua, Omnibus Law dan peraturan-peraturan pelaksanaanya yang akan diandalkan untuk meningkatkan investasi asing telah mengundang resistensi dari berbagai komponen bangsa, karena secara prosedur pembentukannya tidak transparan dan secara substantif mendegradasi kepentingan masyarakat luas serta lebih berpihak kepada kepentingan para investor. Dengan demikian efektivitas reformasi hukum pada Periode Kedua akan terganggu dengan berbagai gerakan resistensi yang akan menyebabkan kontraproduktif dengan tujuan dari reformasi hukum tersebut.
The development of internet, undeniably, has multidimensional implications and specific characters ofcyberspace. In fact, mostexisting laws have beenprovided andcreated for therealworld. Therefore, thequestions are whether ornotthelaws for realworld provide for cyberspace? Should laws for cyberspace differ from those for realworld? Isita must to have a specific Cyberlaw? This writing proposes to elaborate on problems arising or potentially arising from activities in intemet, especially those related to E-Commerce, directly or indirectly. This paper also tries torecommend some anticipative alternatives. PendahuluanCyberlaw merupakan istilah yang sangat protokol-protokoi TCP/IP; suatu komunita: populersaat ini yang menunjuk kepada hukum manusia yang menggunakan daiyang berkaitan dengan cyberspace'(ruang mengembangkan protokol-protokoi tersebuN maya) yang tidak lain sekarangdikenalsebagai dan suatu kumpulan sumberdaya intemet Oleh karena itu, Cyberlaw ini disebut sumberdaya yang dapat diakses melalu juga sebagai the Law ofthe Internet.^jaringan-jaringan tersebut/ Intemet ftu-^endiri diartikan sebagai jaring-Dilihat dari teknoiogi dan pemanfaatannya an komputer yang saling terhubung. secara saatini intemet telahmengalamiperkembangab internasional.^Dalam.perspektif yang lebih yang sangat signifikan yang memungkinkai teknis, internet adalah suatu jaringan dari optimalisasi penggunaannya. Internet buka^j jaringan-jaringan yang didasarkan pada hanya dipergunakan untuk kepentinga^ĵ Virtual world (dunia maya) dan Virtual Community{masyarakai maya merupakan istilah-istilah lain yanj dipakai untukmenunjuk Cyberspace.Selain istilah tersebutjugadikena! istlah-isHlah Information Technology Law, theLaw ofInformation, La\> and the infonnationSuperhighway.
<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">This study focuses on using religious attributes in the trial process of corruption cases in Indonesia, the judge’s consideration of the decency of a defendant, and the regulation of a defendant’s religious identity in the court decision. By identifying the judge’s perspective on a defendant's religious attributes and aspects of decency as an interpretative scheme and constructing their significance on it, this study also presents an analysis of the application of the principle of impartiality of judges and courts based on the Bangalore Principles. Impartiality itself is positioned as the bedrock of judicial integrity. With a field-based research method, this study reveals that religious identity has influenced judges and court decisions, especially considering mitigating factors in criminal sentencing. These findings indicate that the Bangalore Principles fall short of clear guidelines to counter such bias and a clear framework in Indonesia’s judiciary to restore its integrity.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
Among the ASEAN members, compared to other members, Indonesia is relatively more liberal in opening up international trade in financial services, especially in banking sector. Through its submission of CIO to the WTO in 2005, Indonesia to some degree offered certain liberalization of banking sector, together with some other services governed under the GATS. On the other hand, other members of ASEAN show their carefulness in liberalizing their banking sectors. As consequence, on one hand foreign banks have occupied nearly 50% of the Indonesian banking industry, and there are only a few units from Indonesia’s domestic banks that present in its ASEAN neighbours, on the other hand. Using normative method, this research elaborates on how Indonesia should strike a balanced stand between its over-liberalized banking sector and the reluctance of other members, while maintaining the GATS principle of “progressive development.” The authors concludes that one of the ways for Indonesia to flip the odds to be in its favour is by urging the implementation of the reciprocity principle in banking services in ASEAN, which additionally, will also stimulate the liberalisation schedule of the latter.
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