Corporate punishment in the environmental aspect has not led to social justice based on Islamic law principles because of the lack of attention to the community as victims who suffer losses due to environmental pollution, which should be a life support. This study aimed to realize that social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporates punishment in environmental aspects for the future. This type of research uses a normative legal typology to approach the principles, systematics, and level of legal synchronization of legislation based on Islamic Law and Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Secondary data obtained through library studies were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the nature of corporate punishment in environmental aspects in Islamic Law aims to prevent corporations from repeating their actions, prevent other corporations from participating in environmental pollution, and foster corporations that have polluted the environment. Furthermore, the embodiment of social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporate punishment in the environmental aspect must contain the values of corporate culture and community development. Social justice is in line with the principle of the benefit of the people in Islamic Law, where each punishment contains aspects of paying attention to victims of crime.
Human Trafficking is a form of exploitation of human dignity. Therefore, the trafficking can be categorized as a serious crime, a human rights disorder that develops in the world. Indonesia is a country that is vulnerable to Human Trafficking, because besides being a country of origin it is also a transit country and destination country. The research objective is to find out and examine the development of the practice of criminal acts of human trafficking, as one of the forms of crimes against human. With the normative juridical approach, the analytical descriptive nature based on secondary data is carried out in a qualitative analysis from the general to the special. Modus operandi Human Trafficking is carried out starting from the conventional recruitment victims of sending domestic and foreign workers, illegal adoption, infant abduction, noncommercial sexual exploitation of children, and sexual violence. Efforts must be made by the government, in addition to facilitate cooperation with various countries, law enforcement is firm and just by paying attention to the root causes, both legal, social aspects and culture.
The regulation on the criminalization system in the positive criminal justice, as stipulated in Criminal Code and Law Number 3 of 1997 on Children Court, viewed from the formulation policy aspect, still has weaknesses and shortages. The problems of this research are: First is whether the policy on criminalization system toward children in positive justice in Indonesia is relevant to the objectives of children legal protection. Second is how the legislation of the renewal on the criminalization system that can provide the legal protention for children of Indonesia is. This research is a descriptive and prescriptive research. The research uses normative juridical approach. The result of the research concludes that, first, the formulation policy on criminalization system toward children in positive criminal justice both in Criminal Code and Law Number 3 of 1997 on Children Court, viewed from policy/criminal political aspect , is not yet relevant with the essence of the implementation of children court, namely to give legal protection and rehabilitation to delinquent children. Second, the concept of formulation system on children criminalization which can give protection to reach the children welfare, to name but a few, integrated and non-partial regulation on the criminalization system.
Abstract. This study aims to determine the factors that cause the occurrence of criminal acts of obscenity against minors and to find out the efforts of law enforcement in dealing with criminal acts of obscenity against minors. The research method uses normative criminological and juridical approaches, namely to examine and discuss events obtained in accordance with the facts that occurred later in relation to the applicable legal norms and theoretical concepts, legal principles and existing laws and regulations. This type of research is descriptive with data sources consisting of primary data, namely primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. Methods of data collection by interviews and literature study which then the data were analyzed qualitatively descriptive. The results of the study show that the factors that cause the sexual abuse of minors in the case of decision No.508/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Bdg are internal factors, where the defendant or perpetrator has an urge for sexual desire which then becomes a factor in the occurrence of criminal acts of obscenity against minors even though lust cannot be controlled which has become a personality trait. Later in its development, new regulations emerged that were more measurable in efforts to prevent and prosecute criminal acts of sexual abuse of minors as well as efforts to overcome criminal acts of sexual abuse of minors in a preventive or descriptive manner carried out and attempted by the apparatus. law enforcer Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak dibawah umur dan untuk mengetahui upaya penegak hukum dalam mengatasi tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur. Metode penelitian melalui pendekatan kriminologis dan yuridis normatif yaitu untuk mengkaji dan membahas peristiwa yang diperoleh sesuai dengan fakta yang terjadi kemudian dikaitkan dengan norma hukum yang yang berlaku dan konsep teori, asas-asas hukum serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Jenis penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan sumber data yang terdiri dari data primer yaitu sumber hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Metode pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan studi Pustaka yang kemudian data dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya pencabulan anak di bawah umur dalam kasus putusan No.508/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Bdg adalah faktor internal, dimana terdakwa atau pelaku memiliki dorongan hawa nafsu seksualitas yang kemduian menjadi faktor atas terjadinya tindak pidana pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur walau pun hawa nafsu tidak dapat dikendalikan yang telah menjadi sifat kepribadian. Kemudian dalam perkembangannya, muncul peraturan-peraturan baru yang lebih terukur dalam upaya penanggulangan serta penindakan tindak pidana pencabulan anak di bawah umur serta di hadirkan upaya-upaya penanggulangan tindak pidana pencabulan anak di bawah umur secara preventif maupun deskriptif yang di lakukan dan di upayakan oleh apparat penegak hukum.
Abstract. The phenomenon of cases involving health workers with patients, often occurs. Starting from patients who feel harassed by nurses, patients who are dissatisfied with hospital services, and even more terrible are patients who are injured or died due to illegal medical practices. The criminal act of illegal medical practice by a doctor is contrary to the doctor's code of ethics and the doctor's oath which states that a doctor will always put the patient's health first, taking into account the interests of the community. This research is a normative juridical research using a criminological approach based on literature and secondary data. The specification of this writing is descriptive analytical, which describes and analyzes itself by focusing on the applicable laws and regulations related to the theories and implementation of positive law. The data analysis method of this research is descriptive qualitative. From the results of research that has been carried out, related to the implementation of imposing sanctions and preventive measures taken against perpetrators of illegal medical practices, it is carried out by imposing sanctions on perpetrators other than as a means of achieving justice and law enforcement, having the ultimate goal of achieving community welfare. To achieve this welfare, synergy between law enforcement officers and the community is needed because without a sustainable relationship it will be difficult to overcome these problems and problems that will occur in the future. Abstrak. Fenomena kasus yang melibatkan tenaga kesehatan dengan pasien, sering terjadi. Mulai dari pasien yang merasa dilecehkan oleh perawat, pasien yang tidak puas akan pelayanan rumah sakit, dan yang lebih mengerikan adalah pasien yang luka atau meninggal karena praktik kedokteran ilegal. Tindak pidana praktik pengobatan ilegal yang dilakukan oleh seorang dokter bertentangan dengan kode etik dokter dan sumpah dokter sendiri yang menyatakan bahwa seorang dokter akan senantiasa mengutamakan kesehatan pasien, dengan memperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kriminologis didasarkan atas kepustakaan dan data sekunder. Spesifikasi penulisan ini adalah deskriptif analitis, yaitu menggambarkan dan menganalisis sendiri dengan memusatkan kepada peraturan perundangan-undangan yang berlaku dikaitkan dengan teori-teori dan pelaksanaan hukum positif. Metode analisis data penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terkait implementasi penjatuhan sanksi dan upaya preventif yang dilakukan terhadap terhadap pelaku praktik pengobatan ilegal dilakukan dengan penjatuhan sanksi terhadap pelaku selain sebagai sarana mencapai keadilan dan penegakan hukum, mempunyai tujuan akhir yaitu mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat. Untuk mencapai kesejahteraan tersebut diperlukan sinergi antara aparat penegak hukum dan masyarakat karena tanpa adanya hubungan yang berkesinambungan akan sulit untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut dan permasalahan yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
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