Cinnamon can be propagated generatively and vegetatively. Vegetative propagation will generate the similar characteristics as its parent tree, hence facilitating the providing of high quality seedling. The research objective was to obtain the suitable vegetative propagation technology for cinnamon by cutting. The research was conducted at Cimanggu Research Installation, ISMCRI, Bogor from January to December 2018. The experiment was designed in randomized block design, 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was cutting materials : shoot cutting from 1) the 1st-2nd node 2) the 3rd-4th node and 3) the 5th-6th node. The second factor was planting medium 1) manure: husk charcoal: soil (2: 1: 1), 2) manure: cocopeat: soil (2: 1: 1), and 3) water. The shoot cutting from the 5th-6th node indicated better plant growth than from the 1st-2nd node, although not significantly different from the 3rd-4th node. Cuttings grown in water medium indicated no new shoot emergence until the last observation. However, cuttings planted in charcoal or cocopeat media, grew well and showed no significant differences in all parameters. Cinnamon plant can be propagated vegetatively by cutting using shoot cuttings from 5th-6th node or the 3rd-4th node grown in media contained husk charcoal or cocopeat.
Peanut production has decreased, among others, due to cultivation techniques, varieties, diseases and increasingly narrow planting areas. One of the cultivation techniques to increase crop yields is the use of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and spacing. The research method used was Randomized Block Design, factorial pattern. Consisting of two treatment factors, namely POC concentration (0, 5, 10, and 15 ml L-1 water) and spacing (30 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 15 cm and 30 cm x 20 cm), repeated three times. .. The results showed that: (1) there was an interaction between POC treatment and plant spacing on the number of pithy seeds and dry seed weight per plot. Independently, liquid organic fertilizer and plant spacing had an effect on plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of stover, number of filled pods, number of empty pods, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds, and (2) At a spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm, The optimum POC concentration was 13.24 ml L-1 of water, with a maximum dry seed weight of 1.436 kg plot-1 or equivalent to 2.66 tons ha-1.
Induction of mutation using gamma rays for improving of Mira-1 rice variety has been conducted. Rice mutant lines M2 generation have been obtained from mutation by the doses of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 Gy of gamma rays. Selection of mutant lines tolerant to the disease was only observed in the fi eld neither genetically. Marker assisted selection is a tool to obtain a new rice variety tolerant to the disease of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) genetically. Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xa) was the pathogen of BLB, and the identifi cation of rice mutant lines which were containing of Xa5, Xa13 and Xa21 genes have been done using Polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR ) method. The result showed that one mutant line, and four mutant lines from mutation by the doses of 25 Gy and 150 Gy were containing Xa5, Xa13 and Xa21 genes the same as that of Code rice variety as positive control, and none in Kencana Bali rice variety as negative control. Mira-1 rice variety as the parent plant was only contains Xa5 and Xa21 genes. The doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy were very affective on removing of all bands for identifi cation of those genes. The purpose of this research was to obtain the mutant lines which were contain of those Xa genes as indicator for resistant to BLB disease genetically.
Some of the microorganisms in soil play important roles in plant performance by improving mineral nutrition. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that has various important functions and is only obtained by the intake of foods. Rice is a staple food for Indonesian people. Increasing Zn concentration in rice through fertilization and gamma irradiated inoculants consortium is an effective way to accumulate Zn in rice grains. The objective of this research was to utilize gamma-irradiated inoculants and enhancement of Zn content in rice mutant lines. This study used inoculants consortium from potential microorganisms consisting of Aspergillus niger, Azotobacter sp, Bacillus circulants, and Trichoderma harzianum. They can be used to solubilize metals or minerals that are accumulated in part of the plants. The irradiation of the inoculant was conducted by 250 Gy gamma rays. Seven Mira-1 rice mutant lines together with their wild type, Inpari Nutri Zinc rice variety, were used. Treatment combinations, i.e., Control, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were applied to the rice materials randomized block experimental design with three replications. Agronomic characteristics at the vegetative phase were observed and Zn content in rice grain was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The result shows significant differences in agronomic characteristics from different treatments. Zn content in rice mutant lines was higher than their wild type, and the irradiated inoculants consortium was very effective in enhancing Zn content in rice grains. The best treatment for accumulation of Zn in rice grain was irradiated inoculants consortium combined with 10 kg/ha zinc sulfate (treatment T4), resulting in a grain Zn content of 72.19 ppm in the 82 rice mutant line.
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