Based on monthly averaged current, temperature, and salinity, we analyzed the changes of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and the relationship with the warm current, coastal current, and cold water mass (CWM) in the East China Seas (ECSs). The result shows that the coastal current and surface diluted water are the route for transporting suspended sediment. The Kuroshio and its derived warm current branches play the important role of the continental shelf circulation system and control the diffusion of suspended sediment. High SSC has been mainly concentrated in coastal current and CWM. Two sedimentary dynamic patterns have been identified. The winter‐half‐year pattern lasts almost 7 months. The coastal currents off the Shandong Peninsula, northern Jiangsu, Zhejiang‐Fujian coast are the main routes for diffusion and deposition of the suspended sediment from the Yellow River and Changjiang River. The summer‐half‐year pattern is characterized by the well‐developed CWM. All CWMs have a unique function to trap suspended sediment under the thermocline due to weakening tidal current and residual current there. These CWMs in the Yellow Sea (YS) and north ECS are connected together. The layer above the thermocline is characterized by diluted water with low salinity, high temperature. Suspended sediment can be transported into the Okinawa Trough and the South Korea coast during this period. A strong eddy always occur nearby the Kuroshio bend at northeast Taiwan, which has promoted the exchange between the ECS shelf and Okinawa Trough, and the development of the shelf edge current and Taiwan warm current (TWC).
Recent research has revealed the potential for using cyanobacteria inoculation to promote biocrusts on sandy drylands. There is global interest in using this approach to combat land degradation. Nevertheless, in order to use this biotechnology on a large scale, researchers must explore technologies that are simple and efficient to implement. To achieve this aim, we tested the effects of different covers to control dust and stabilize sand surfaces measures-that is, nonwoven fabric, dust-proof net, and sun-shading net-on colonization and development of artificial cyanobacteria crusts on the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert in Northern China. After 80 days, cyanobacteria crusts occurred in all inoculated soils. The best results occurred when using fresh cyanobacteria were covered with two-layer nonwoven fabric and one-layer sun-shading net; this treatment resulted in 50.0% biocrust cover, 2.88 mm biocrust thickness, 19.21 μg cm 2 chlorophyll a concentration, 79.05 μg cm 2 total carbohydrate content, and 10.00 m s −1 threshold friction velocity, which is significantly higher than sand (3.70 m s −1 ). The results suggest that covering with nets can accelerate development of artificial cyanobacteria crusts, because covers improve micro-environments and remove barriers limiting biocrust colonization. This study describes a potential approach to reconstruct or recover biocrusts, and to restore degraded land in dryland ecosystems.
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