Background: Menstruation still a taboo subject to whisper and so, more difficult to discuss the hygiene, practices, perception and myth associated with it. The very ancient socio -cultural restrictions still play a major role in plenty of reproductive tract infections left undiagnosed. Thus resulting in the potential loss of economy in terms of GDP, medical costs, and status of health. The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness, source of information and problems regarding menstrual hygiene at pre-questionnaire stage and to compare the assessment of awareness at post questionnaire stage after educational intervention provided among the study group; to find out the mean age of menarche among the study group; to find out the knowledge regarding symptoms of reproductive tract infections among the study group; to inculcate safe hygienic practices during menstruation so as to percolate the same during reproductive episodes e.g. termination of pregnancy or uterine bleeding etc. Methods: Convenient sampling with Semi-structured questionnaire method. A girls’ government school chosen for the study with 197 girls including class standard 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th. After the session of pre questionnaire, all girls were included in the study who were present on the day. Results: On statistical analysis, mean age of menarche among girls is 13.5 years. Data regarding awareness level found statistically significant after the completion of study. Conclusions: Satisfactory improvement in hygiene level found post intervention. It could be implied on massive level in all the schools in country. In conformity with, Indian government also came up with the programme of provision of free sanitary pads in government schools.
Background: Low Bone mineral density (BMD)/Osteopenia is an iceberg phenomenon. It is ignored by younger population and perceived as geriatric illness. As the study of medicine is very taxing its need of hour to detect low BMD amongst medical students to avoid musculo-skeletal disease due to low BMD in future. Methods: A DXA based technique was used to detect BMD amongst 72 under 25 years female medical students using nonrandom, opportunistic sampling technique. The data was collected in pre-designed pretested proforma and complied and analyzed using MS-Excel 2010 and Epi info-7.0. The data was expressed in percentages and proportions. Those with osteopenia were given appropriate medical advice. Results: In total 20.93% students had osteopenia and 55.56% participants had musculoskeletal complaints and most common being low back pain esp. in osteopenic participants. A statistically significant low level of BMD was observed amongst sunscreen users and physically inactive participants. No association was seen between BMD and BMI, regular, milk intake, type of diet or fasting. Conclusions: A significant number of female medical students were osteopenic and suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. A regular BMD assessment with calcium/vit D supplementation and regular physical exercise can restore/ conserve BMD. The currently available techniques can detect BMD in females but not in young males.
Background: It is unfortunate enough that cement industry workers despite of so many awareness campaigns, unable to seek protection against dust of cement and thus bound to face respiratory problems. In developing countries no legitimate bindings regarding protection of such workers though cement industry is one of the largest industries. Methods: Non probability sampling done in which cases taken from cement workers and control taken from nearby residents matched for age gender and smoking status of participants. Results: When studied for the restrictive and obstructive respiratory problems it was found 2.82 times and 4.71 times higher in cases respectively. When cases studied for duration of working against disease developed, it was found that 61.81% developed obstructive pulmonary disorder and proportion increased from 23.63% to 30.80 as the work span increased from 0-5 years to 5-15 years respectively. When it has been observed for restrictive pulmonary disorder, it has been increased from 3.6% to 5.4%. Conclusions: It has been observed that workers have either obstructive pulmonary dysfunction or normal pulmonary functions and on increasing the duration, number of workers with restrictive pulmonary function increases proportionately.
Background: Tobacco use, and its negative health, social and economic impacts, is a significant global health challenge. Tobacco consumption in each age group is emerging as public health problem in all countries. More so often difficult in case of school going adolescents due to the easy availability of the tobacco products. Despite of the well-known fact that tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of premature death, disease, and disability around the world. Objectives: (1)To find out the proportion of students consuming tobacco among the students of government schools of class IX to XII.(2)To find out the age of initiation of tobacco consumption among the study group. (3)To find out the risk factors responsible for the tobacco habits among the study group. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with multistage sampling method, in which selection of schools was done by systematic random sampling from the list of all government schools of Bhopal district. Results: The proportion of tobacco use among the study subjects in the current study was 22.69% with 46.21% in boys and 5.92% in girls. proportion of students consuming tobacco among the students of government schools of class IX to XII.In the present study, the mean age of initiation of tobacco use was 12+1.23years.
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