This paper proposes a new static reconfiguration technique to configure the modules in the Photo-Voltaic (PV) array so as to enhance the generated power from the array under partial shading conditions. In this approach, the physical location of the modules in a Total Cross Tied (TCT) connected PV array is arranged based on the Magic Square (MS) pattern so as to distribute the shading effect over the entire array. Further, this arrangement of modules is done without altering the electrical connection of the modules in the array. The MS arrangement reduces the effect of shading of modules in any row thereby enhancing the generated PV power. The MS pattern based PV array configuration has only one Global Maximum Power Point at the right most peak in the PV curve as compared to the conventional TCT configuration under partially shaded conditions. Thus, the proposed MS scheme evidently avoids the need for complex Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking algorithms. The performance of the system is investigated for different shading patterns and the results show that positioning the modules of the array according to MS pattern provides improved performance under partially shaded conditions.
This study presents the new interconnection scheme for solar photovoltaic (PV) modules to mitigate the power mismatch and wiring line losses employing improvised magic technique (IMT). The proposed interconnection scheme provides improved power enhancement compared to conventional total cross tied (TCT) technique. This technique can be implemented on PV array of any order with 'x' rows (x > 2) and 'y' columns (y > 2). However, in the higher order PV modules, power mismatch loss and wiring loss reduced significantly using segmented improvised magic technique (SIMT). The sequence of reconfiguring the PV modules has been explained using a flowchart and an algorithm both for IMT and SIMT. The effectiveness of these techniques is tested using MATLAB simulations and validated the analysis by comparing the performances with the existing TCT for lower order (3 × 3) with experimentation and higher order (9 × 9) PV modules. Thus, the proposed IMT and SIMT techniques provide the maximum power enhancement, less power mismatch and line loss, and maximum improved efficiency in real-time PV array installations.
The foremost problem facing by the photovoltaic (PV) system is to identify the faults and partial shade conditions. Further, the power loss can be avoided by knowing the number of faulty modules and strings. Hence, to attend these problems, a new method is proposed to differentiate the faults and partially shaded conditions along with the number of mismatch modules and strings for a dynamic change in irradiation. The proposed method has developed in two main steps based on a simple observation from the Current versus Voltage (I-V) characteristic curve of PV array at Line-Line (LL) fault. First, the type of fault is detected using defined variables, which are continuously updated from PV array voltage, current, and irradiation. Second, it gives the number of mismatch modules (or short-circuited bypass diodes) and mismatch strings (or open-circuited blocking diodes) by comparing with the theoretical predictions from the I-V characteristic curve of PV array. The proposed algorithm has been validated both on experimentation using small scale grid-connected PV array developed in the laboratory as well as MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Further, the comparative assessment with existing methods is presented with various performance indices to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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