Four anthraquinones isolated for the first time from the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa (Polygonaceae), a Korean and a Japanese medicinal plant, and two synthetic derivatives were examined for their cytotoxicities against five cultured human tumor cell lines, i.e. A549 (non-small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCY15 (colon), using the Sulfrhodamine-B method in vitro and antimutagenic activities by Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and SOS chromotest with E. coli PQ37. Among the tested compounds, emodin strongly inhibited the proliferation of each examined tumor cell line with IC 50 values ranged from 2.94 to 3.64 m mg/ml and showed potent antimutagenic activities with 71.5% and 53.3% at the concentration of 0.1 mg/plate against the mutagens, NPD and sodium azide, respectively. Its antigenotoxic activity was also very effective at the final concentration of 10 m mg/reaction tube against the mutagens, MNNG and NQO by SOS chromotest, reducing the induction factors by 19.6% and 43.5%, respectively. The structure-activity correlation study suggests that an additional OH group at C-6 position in the anthraquinone nucleus may play an important role for their cytotoxicities and an introduction of OH-or OCH 3 group at C-6 position is necessary for their antimutagenicities.
In this article, we fabricated a 94 GHz monolithic downconverter that consists of a two-stage amplifier and a single-balanced mixer using the 0.1-lm metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (MHEMT) technology. The down-converter of a 3.3 Â 2.5 mm 2 chip size shows a low conversion loss of $2.8 dB at 94 GHz and excellent LO-to-RF isolation above 35 dB in a frequency of 90-98 GHz. Also, we fabricated the millimeter-wave (MMW) module that exhibits a conversion loss of 7-8.5 dB from 93.66 to 94.365 GHz.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.