The effect of different stitch combinations, namely, knit, tuck and miss stitches, on some of the physical properties of single jersey derivative fabrics have been studied. Fabrics which are in common commercial use in the textile industry were selected, and they are used as clothing fabrics. Knitted fabrics from 100% cotton yarn of 19.67 Tex on circular knitting machines were used in the study. The effect of knit structure on areal density, fabric thickness, air permeability, drape ability, stretch and recovery, shrinkage, and low-stress mechanical properties are investigated, and it was found that these properties are significantly affected by loop shape or knit structure, even though other knitting parameters remained the same. It was also found that the presence of tuck and float stitches for a given structure have a significant effect on fabric drape ability, width-wise extensibility, length-wise shrinkage, thickness, areal density and low-stress mechanical properties.
Nowadays, cold plasma technology is highly involved in textile processing either to assist conventional wet-chemical processing and/or create innovative products. Plasma surface treatment is an ergonomically simple process, but the plasma process and its effect on the fibre surface are more complex due to the interplay of many concurrent processes at a time. The efficiency of plasma treatment mainly depends on the nature of textile material and the treatment operating parameters. The main objective of this review paper is to summarise and discuss the application of plasma treatment and its effect on the pre-treatment, dyeing, printing and finishing of natural and synthetic textile fibres. However, the application of plasma technology to different types of textile substrates has not been fully addressed.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish a suitable procedure for dyeing and multifunctional finishing on 100% cotton using extracts of eucalyptus leaves in an eco-friendly manner. Design/methodology/approach Box–Behnken design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to optimise the conditions of extraction, dyeing and finishing. Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine the chemical constituents of the extracts. Colour strength, fastness properties were evaluated for dyed fabric samples. The effectiveness of eucalyptus leaves extract as an insect repellent, aroma, antibacterial finishing agent, was assessed. Pre-soaking and padding method was used for the application of active essential oil on the fabric. Findings Essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus globulus leaves have great repellent rate for insects to the extent of 90% and aroma intensity of 72% and antibacterial effect of 100% bacterial reduction up to five washings. The use of citric acid as cross-linking agent helps increase the durability of the finish. Natural dyeing to get light yellow shade is possible with extracts made with water, possessing good fastness properties. Research limitations/implications Scaling up the extraction process and soaking larger quantities of fabrics in extracted essential oil solution before the pad applications are considered limitations of this study. However, smaller pieces of fabrics can conveniently be handled in this process. It has tremendous potential for practising industrially, to get yellow-shaded multifunctional finished cotton textiles. Practical implications Protection against insects, including mosquitoes, bacteria with additional aroma on cotton will be of great use in day-to-day life for the wearer. Social implications Eco-friendly, renewable sources of ingredients from the plant were used to obtain protection against pathogenic or odour-causing microorganisms using this hygiene finish with multiple end uses. Originality/value This original work enables conducting dyeing and multifunctional finishing together in a single stage, which otherwise takes a number of steps, consuming large quantities of water, chemicals and energy to impart similar effects on cotton.
The chemical and physical structure of cyclodextrin makes it attractive for use in flame retardant finishing for improving the functional properties and durability of the finished fabric. The suitability of cyclodextrins for grafting using viable techniques that could be reproduced was studied. The flame retardant diammonium phosphate was applied on cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabric and grafted cum bonded with 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid fabric. The modified monochlorotriazinyl-b-cyclodextrin gives more percentage of grafting (2.7%) under normal processing conditions used for cotton fabric. The effect of treatments like cyclodextrin grafting and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid treatment on grafted fabric were analysed for diammonium phosphate flame retardant finishing. The whiteness and loss of strength caused by the cyclodextrin grafting was within acceptable limits and the hand value alteration was very less. The flammability behaviour and durability after 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 washing cycles were determined. The results reveal that the flame retardant property of cyclodextrin treatment enhances the durability of the fabric from non-durable to semi-durable, Downloaded from whereas the diammonium phosphate treatment on 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid/ cyclodextrin-grafted fabric changes the flame retardant from non-durable to durable. The evolution of gases during the burning of untreated and treated samples was analysed and the results show that the cyclodextrin-grafted fabric masks the evolving gases to some extent during burning and also that there was less release of formaldehyde in grafted samples compared with ungrafted diammonium phosphate finished sample.
The conventional chemical-based antistatic agents possess ecological and technological drawbacks, such as altering the bulk characteristics, flammability, and toxicity, but not the cost effective process. Recently, using conductive metal fibers in the woven structure also affects the mechanical properties of the fabric. To overcome these challenges, plasma treatment needs to be quite an effective method. In this study, polyester/cotton (P/C), 65/35%, blend fabric was treated in a vacuum-plasma-chamber using air, argon and oxygen. The electro-physical property of the samples were evaluated by measuring the surface and volume resistivities (ρs, ρv) using textile electrode Tera Ohmmeter (TO-3). Textile Softness Analyzer (TSA) has also been used to investigate hand-feel properties of the fabric. After treatment, the results revealed that the surface resistivity was reduced by 35.5% in the case of O2, 27.3% for air and 18.4% for Ar, and also volume resistivity was decreased by 40.9%, 20.3% and 20% after O2, air and Ar-plasma, respectively, whereas hand-feel properties are slightly affected at a higher power level and treatment time. Out of the three gases, oxygen had less effect on hand-feel properties and highly reduced the fabric resistivity. In addition, the SEM images showed that the surface morphology of the fibers changed to being rough due to the plasma.
With textile wastewater being one of the most sources of pollution containing higher value of colour, BOD, COD and several pollutants, brings serious problem to the ecological environment. This study is particularly focused on evaluating the efficacy of removal of dyes such as reactive dyes, direct dyes, mixture of dye wastes and mixture of industrial and dye wastewaters by the natural absorbent Moringa. The seeds of the Moringa tree contain a coagulant protein that can be used in the treatment of industrial wastewater. The extracts of seeds (coagulant) obtained by two methods viz. simple extraction with distilled water and with saline water have been used for the study. The effect of some operating parameters on coagulation namely pH, coagulant dosage, mixing time, colour removal and turbidity was studied. It was observed that the colour removals in direct red and reactive red dyes are 94.45 and 98.4% respectively with simple extract of seeds done with distilled water and it was in the order of 96.6 and 97.3% respectively with saline extracts of the seed. These values of colour removal of dyes are optimized at 70ml/L of coagulant and pH 10. The mixture of industrial wastewater and dye wastes, colour removal and turbidity removal was 85.8% with simple extract and 53% with saline extract respectively at optimized point. Moringa stenopetala seed has demonstrated to have high removal ability for anionic dyes.
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