<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The wiper system consists of a motor, linkage, arm, and blade, which provides a clear front view to the driver by removing rain, snow, and foreign matter from the windshield glass. It is a system component that requires a robust design to meet system rigidity, scrubbing performance, and operating noise to any external conditions to provide the driver with a front view. In recent years, however, customer complaints about wiper noise have increased as automobile engine and noise levels have decreased. Based on the analysis of wiper noise, this paper presents quantitative judgment criteria for various wiper noises. In addition, we predict the change of wiper noise to environmental factors through the sound field analysis and propose the solution.</div></div>
In this article experimental data are presented for inorganic gel based smart window fabricated using silica sol–gel process. Parallel beam transmittances were measured as functions of voltages for samples fabricated with different concentrations of nitric acid. Spectroscopic transmittance data at different driving voltages for samples fabricated with different LC concentrations are shown. Transmittance spectra of the Si–Ti based gel-based-liquid-crystal (GDLC) device measured as different driving voltages were compared with those of PDLC. GDLC showed much lower operating voltages, 10–15 V, for on-state. Formation of the LC droplet in gelation process is illustrated. The methyl organic group surrounds LC droplets. Demonstration of GDLC based smart window showed the successful operation with low driving voltages. GDLC window shows clear color, even at off-state, compared with PDLC.
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