Education plays a very significant role in the context of sustainability. As the world population is growing, providing education through the traditional classroom setting is not sufficient and not feasible to extend learning in professional life. Therefore, modern technology-mediated learning paradigms such as mobile learning are becoming increasingly popular. Mobile learning is said to integrate multiple contexts, learning types, mobilities and communications. As information and communications technology (ICT) plays a vital role in the delivery of mobile learning services, it is very essential to adopt sustainable IT resources to keep it viable. Cloud computing offers a range of affordable, scalable and on-demand solutions. This paper attempts to model important critical success factors (CSFs) in the area of cloud-based mobile learning using the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. ISM helps in identifying the hierarchical inter-relationships between the variables of study with the help of experts in the field. Finally, Matrice d’Impacts Croisés-Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) analysis is employed to classify the variables into dependent and independent variables. Management support has been identified as most rudimentary among sixteen CSFs identified through a literature review to establish a distinguished relative advantage. Further, the paper discusses the theoretical underpinning of all the constructs. This study will help organizations to implement mobile learning in sustainable ways.
The present study analyzes the built-up expansion of Ranchi urban agglomeration over a period of about 8 decades from 1927-2005. Satellite images and topographical maps were used to evaluate land use dynamics during these periods. Built-up growth of 473.7% during 1927-2005 was primarily at the expense of agricultural land along with reduction of natural water bodies reflects negative impacts of built-up expansion, which increased many folds in recent decades. The built-up growth is also analyzed with reference to population growth, land consumption rate and land transformation. The land loss due to increasing built-up growth of Ranchi were compared with other capital regions and cities along with population increase to provide insight into the possible scenario of built-up expansion in Ranchi urban area.
Development institutions have been categorized as faith-based and mainstream based on their background and characteristics. This paper reviews the extant literature on Faith-based Organizations (FBOs) and their role in various areas of development specially poverty alleviation through microfinance. This paper reviews the studies dealing with faith-based organizations, their characteristics and their role in development. Some papers specifically deal with the religious principles that shape the value system in these organizations. A number of empirical studies both qualitative and quantitative provide insights on the working and performance of FBOs. This review paper will be useful for the researchers involved in the areas of social science, anthropology as well as economics. The findings of the empirical studies will be of interest to policy makers and regulators.
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